The Evolution of Cell Phones :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Evolution of Cell PhonesThe kioskular telephone, as many other current technological products, started off in the military and eventually made its modal value to the common consumer as a result of the high demands for such communications technologies. The concept for stallular technology was often thought process to be limited to acquirement fiction or futuristic communities. Well the future is now, and computerized technology with the help of transmitters and satellites brings nearly unlimited contact to anyone in the world. The transition of the cell phone from thought to reality was made possible by military technologies and a stress towards communications advancement. cellular technology evolved from its early development to commercial work one period(prenominal) in the late seventies as the first cell phones were expensive, appeared bulky, and was fairly inconvenient and inefficient. Currently, cell phones have become efficient, useful, and relatively inexpensive. Into the future, cell phones can moreover become smaller, more efficient, and globally renowned. Cellular phones are widely used and accepted into modern culture as one of the most popular forms of media communication. Cellular technology was actually originated in the military two years after the end of the Second World War, in 1947 (about.com). Despite many who believe that the cell phone is a relatively new product on the market, the first usage of any cellular component was very large and strictly for the use and development of the United States military. Actually, the cell phone derives from a two-way radio that uses a mobile phone type of communication of signals. Basically, the first cell phones were evidently glorified mobile phones, in essence, that is what all cell phones are. The system uses many stations to divide an area into many cells. As a user moves from cell to cell, calls are transferred from base to base. Around 1968, the Federal Communications Commission, that had haltered the development of cellular broadcasts, now freed up necessary airwaves to allocate the usage of the first cell towers that acted as base stations for phone calls (about.com). This was certainly a start, but these towers only broadcasted a couple miles in radius and there was still no turn comparable to todays cellular technology. The seventies saw the first working cellular phone components to reach the common market, although bulky, expensive, and inefficient. At a time when disco was lying in its death bed and spandex became popular as a wave of workout videos and aerobics struck the land like a pestilent plague, the demand curve met the supply curve for the commercial development of cellular technology.

Greed in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) Essay -- Ode t

Greed in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) Greed is atomic number 53 of the underlying themes found in Thomas Grays Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat. This greed becomes the ultimate demise of the lead character, Selima the Cat. Mr. Gray uses a fewer different literary techniques to bring to life the inanimate written words. These techniques along with word choice allow for the possibility of many different interpretations of the text. The general data formatting Mr. Gray follows is seven stanzas of AACBBC form, wherein the A and B lines consist of eight syllables and the C lines consist of six. Thomas Gray also uses alliteration to emphasize certain aspects of the peom. ...fair band face/golden gleam...(lines 8 & 18) are two examples of this. The imagery that is used to paint the lyrical picture of the feline stalking its prey also describes in fairly great detail the appearance of the cats surroundings. Grays word choice enhances the ever present physical aspec ts of his subject. ...The fair round face, the snowy beard, The velvet of her paws...(8-9) presents the ...

Rescuers of Holocaust Victims :: essays research papers

Individuals who risked their livesThere were many individuals who risked their lives to rescue and hide the Jews during the Holocaust. Some of them got caught, while some of them made it until their villages expiration day. An example of a rescuer that saved a Jews life is Jadwiga Suchodolski. This young girl was from a Catholic family. Her family lived in the village of Krzynowloga Wielski. At atomic number 53 evening of April in 1943 her family heard a knock on their door. When they opened it, they saw a Jewish man that fell down on his knees with his bole all swollen up from hunger. The family talked about it and decided to let Michael in. They promised to keep him a secret. Two years later when liberation day came, the word break that a Jew was being nursed back to life in their village. One day a group of partisans broke into Jadwigas house and demanded that Michael be glum over to them, but Jadwiga held them off long enough to let Michael escape. When the partisa ns realized that the Jew left, they gave a chase but did not catch up with him. In revenge, they raped Jadwigas house. Later Michael came back, but soon after he married Jadwiga and left to live in Israel in 1957. Another example is genus Irena Sendler. Irena worked as a member of a Council for Aid to Jews. She had a permit allowing her to visit the ghetto area at all times. In the summer of 1942, under the principle of Jolanta, she arranged some things for Jewish children to be smuggled out of the ghetto and found some non-Jewish families where the kids can stay. In the fall of 1943, Irena was arrested and was taken to a prison, and savagely tortured. The Gestapo people failed to get information from her, so she was supposed to be executed. However, her Jewish underground buddies had bribed one of the Gestapo agents, and on the day that Irena was supposed to be executed, she was released. She was constrained to stay out of sight from the Germans, but she still conducte d her activities from her hiding place.

Pro Assisted Suicide Essay -- Death With Dignity euthanasia

Death With haughtinessToday, American society is obsessed with the young and victorious and their endlesspursuit of beauty, fame, and fortune. People are bombarded with images of youth in movies,music, and ads for ordinary items such as toothpaste. Advertisers cause the illusion that mountaincan forever tabularise death by plastering ?anti-aging? across drugstore aisles to sell their products. Inthe search for eternal youth, hatful become desensitized to the importance of life?s requisiteend. Every day, countless people quietly pass away after long and painful struggles with concludingillnesses, and their loved ones are often reduced to lost observers. Terminally ill patients arenot merely a statistic they are mothers, fathers, children, friends, and lovers who leave behindmany distraught loved ones in death. By continue to prohibit assisted suicide, the law deniesmany terminally ill patients the peaceful death they desire. Instead, patients must molder awayslowly and endur e constant pain, unless they fork out powerful and expensive medications to dulltheir senses. However, no amount of medication can remedy emotional pain, and patients quondam(prenominal) feel helpless and alone because death is their unless release from suffering (Girsh 3).The law cannot rightfully ignore the special circumstances of terminal illnesses and deny peoplea dignified death simply because they give brain function. Terminally ill patients need anoption to prevent spending their final days, months, or eld painfully deteriorating as theyapproach their inevitable deaths. passim the controversy, the public has focused on moral aspects of assisted suicideand overlooked the fact that one melody has already been in practice for nine ye... ...situation of terminally ill patients over their personalconvictions and abolish the boundaries keeping them from having a peaceful end to their lives.Works Cited?2-to-1 Majorities bear on to Support Rights to Both Euthanasia and Doctor -Assisted self-annihilation.?The Harris Poll 9 January 2002Death with Dignity National Center. 2006. 27 March 2006 .Girsh, Faye. ?Patients Should Be Given More Control all over Their Deaths.? USA Today March2000.Levinson, Sanford. ?Assisted felo-de-se Should be Legalized.? The Nation 21 July 1997.Oregon Department of benignant Services Report, 1994-1005. Oregon Department of HumanServices. 2006. 27 March 2006 ?Physician Assisted Suicide Legislative Statute.? Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006.21 March 2006 . Pro Assisted Suicide Essay -- Death With Dignity euthanasiaDeath With DignityToday, American society is obsessed with the young and successful and their endlesspursuit of beauty, fame, and fortune. People are bombarded with images of youth in movies,music, and ads for ordinary items such as toothpaste. Advertisers create the illusion that peoplecan forever defer death by plastering ?anti-aging? across drugstore aisles to sell their products. Inthe sear ch for eternal youth, people become desensitized to the importance of life?s inevitableend. Every day, countless people quietly pass away after long and painful struggles with terminalillnesses, and their loved ones are often reduced to helpless observers. Terminally ill patients arenot merely a statistic they are mothers, fathers, children, friends, and lovers who leave behindmany distraught loved ones in death. By continuing to prohibit assisted suicide, the law deniesmany terminally ill patients the peaceful death they desire. Instead, patients must waste awayslowly and endure constant pain, unless they have powerful and expensive medications to dulltheir senses. However, no amount of medication can remedy emotional pain, and patientssometime feel helpless and alone because death is their only release from suffering (Girsh 3).The law cannot rightfully ignore the special circumstances of terminal illnesses and deny peoplea dignified death simply because they retain brain function. Terminally ill patients need anoption to prevent spending their final days, months, or years painfully deteriorating as theyapproach their inevitable deaths.Throughout the controversy, the public has focused on moral aspects of assisted suicideand overlooked the fact that one form has already been in practice for nine ye... ...situation of terminally ill patients over their personalconvictions and abolish the boundaries keeping them from having a peaceful end to their lives.Works Cited?2-to-1 Majorities Continue to Support Rights to Both Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide.?The Harris Poll 9 January 2002Death with Dignity National Center. 2006. 27 March 2006 .Girsh, Faye. ?Patients Should Be Given More Control Over Their Deaths.? USA Today March2000.Levinson, Sanford. ?Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized.? The Nation 21 July 1997.Oregon Department of Human Services Report, 1994-1005. Oregon Department of HumanServices. 2006. 27 March 2006 ?Physician Assisted Suicide Legislativ e Statute.? Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006.21 March 2006 .

The Tragic Pride of Anowa Essay -- Character Analysis, Anowa, Kofi Ako

The tragic pride of AnowaIn life there is place in between adolescents and adulthood where many finales that are make will ultimately direct the path of life. There are times when a decisions is made it leads to a great life and other times it leads to a destructive path just not for one person but affects anyone around them. In the story of Anowa the main character Anowa is in the place where every decisions she makes leads to a turning point in her life that sets the trap for a great demise. Anowas pride leads to her retort and causes those around her great pain.First, Anowa being a strange fair sex who reacts to get married and when she finally does decide to get married the man whom she picks is not fitting of her mothers expectations this is the rift that starts the fall of Anowa. In the Global Crossroads World Literature Badua tells Anowa that Marriage is like a piece of cloth and like cloth its beauty passes with wear and fritter (Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce103). The cl oth signifies strength and beauty of a marriage but without the proper consideration and care it will not last. Badua tries to tell her daughter that what may compute good today later on may not be so pleasant and may very well rip apart in time but because Anowas pride she replies to her mother I like mine and it is none of your business. I do not care, Mother. Have I not told you that this is to be my marriage and not yours?(Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce103). Anowas determination to follow through with her decision seems to be just like many young ladies today who refuse to adhere to the voice of their mother and although the decision they make may be wrong they would rather be stubborn than to admit that the truth of their m... ...ave children, but the square time he was the reason they could not have children. Instead of leaving well enough alone she says, Now I know. So that is it. My husband is woman now and she giggles (Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce155). Anowa pridef ul attitude has lead to the death of her husband, herself and the sorrow of her mother and father. She not however killed his manhood but caused him to commit suicide.In conclusion, every decision Anowa made lead to her tragic demise and pride was the ruler of every decision she made. The life of Anowa showed how pride is selfish, stubborn, and disrespect. Anowa could not see how her attitude determined her altitude. Had she visit how to be temperate and showed concern for others she would have not cause herself and other s sorrow and death. Anowa life teaches a valuable lesson that pride will only lead to a destructive path.

Putting an End to School Violence †Is Zero Tolerance the Solution? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Putting an End to School Violence Is a Zero Tolerance Policy the Solution?There atomic number 18 very few people today who are unaware of the violence in schools. As college students we live in a world that is desperate to adjust prevention methods against violence. That makes this issue important to todays college students, considering the fact that we are the generation that could support been involved and directly effected by a school shooting the likes of Columbine. Is this how we want our school systems to be when our children enroll? A school is defined as an institution for teaching and learning. However, todays educational institutions include punishment, violence, and misbehavior. When we find ourselves pasted to the television because of another school shooting, obviously something needs to be done about violence in schools. Unfortunately, the solution causes creates more problems.Schools around the world have recently adopted revolutionary solution and prevention metho ds. The controversy over school violence prevention is not yes we should or, no we shouldnt, because you will probably be hard pressed to find someone who thinks we shouldnt get involved. The moot lies in the method we use to prevent and solve school violence. The zero tolerance constitution is one suggestion to implement punishment in schools.The zero tolerance policy is strict and devises regulations for students and faculty alike. It is a policy that doesnt ask questions when a rule is broken which often results in suspension and expulsion. The policy also addresses the possession of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both absolute and negative results.If the zero tolerance program is installed in the educational system, schools must decide when and how it should be enforced. This is a very complex issue and when open to debate you see three approaches to it. First, advocates of zero tolerance policies concentrate on positive changes in school security, ways of punishment, and change in student behavior. Those who oppose the policies deal that zero tolerance should be eliminated due to its lack of rationale and logic. Finally, the opposing viewpoint criticizes the zero tolerance policy for being too extreme and improper for schools.The first group, those who favor the policy, dwell on school improvement due to zero tolerance. One positive change is reinstated safety in schools giving students, parents, teachers, and the society a breath of relief. Advocates of this positive change believe that schools should be a place of learning without safety concerns.

Putting an End to School Violence †Is Zero Tolerance the Solution? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Putting an End to School Violence Is a Zero Tolerance Policy the Solution? in that respect are very few people today who are unaware of the violence in schools. As college students we live in a human that is heroical to realise prevention methods against violence. That makes this issue important to todays college students, considering the fact that we are the generation that could have been involved and directly effected by a school jibe like Columbine. Is this how we want our school systems to be when our children enroll? A school is defined as an institution for teaching and learning. However, todays educational institutions include punishment, violence, and misbehavior. When we find ourselves glued to the television because of another school shooting, obviously something needs to be done about violence in schools. Unfortunately, the solution causes creates more problems.Schools around the world have recently adopted revolutionary solution and prevention methods. The controver sy over school violence prevention is not yes we should or, no we shouldnt, because you will in all likelihood be hard pressed to find someone who thinks we shouldnt get involved. The debate lies in the method we use to prevent and solve school violence. The zero leeway policy is one suggestion to implement punishment in schools.The zero tolerance policy is strict and devises rules for students and faculty alike. It is a policy that doesnt ask questions when a rule is broken which often results in suspension and expulsion. The policy also addresses the possession of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both(prenominal) positive and negative results.If the zero tolerance program is installed in the educational system, schools must decide when and how it should be enforced. This is a very complex issue and when outdoors to debate you see three approaches to it. First, advocates of zero tolerance policies concentrate on positive change s in school security, ways of punishment, and change in student behavior. Those who fight the policies argue that zero tolerance should be eliminated due to its lack of rationale and logic. Finally, the opposing viewpoint criticizes the zero tolerance policy for being too utmost(a) and inappropriate for schools.The first group, those who favor the policy, dwell on school improvement due to zero tolerance. One positive change is reinstated safety in schools natural endowment students, parents, teachers, and the community a breath of relief. Advocates of this positive change believe that schools should be a place of learning without safety concerns.

Regulatory Risks Essay

Risks are inherent to all cable organizations. Risk patchagement often considers several areas of pr strikeice and is an absolute necessity, not merely an option. The root pass on discuss regulatory risks for organizations, and explain how they nookie be identified and managed. Risk management requires considering and weighing risks and implementing procedures to monitor and moderate them.Risk IdentificationOverview legislative and executive branches of the United States administration run through enacted laws that regulate all blood linees.Thousands of administrative agencies are authorized by Congress to administer and enforce statutes by regulate businesses. Administrative agencies are typically given executive power to investigate and prosecute potential infringement of statutes, administrative rules, and administrative orders (Cheeseman, 2010). Intentional Torts, Negligence, and Liability turn no organizations risks are identical to anothers, several can be identified and applied to organizations in general. There are common chord categories of wrong intentional torts, unintentional torts, and strict liability.Intentional tort. This category of wrong requires that intent was present when harm was caused. Examples of intentional torts are assault, battery, and false imprisonment. The law safeguards individuals from uninvited touching, restraint, and any other contact (Cheeseman, 2010). Unintentional tort. Negligence is the omission to do something which is a reasonable man would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 80).For a legitimate negligence lawsuit, several elements of negligence mustiness be present duty of care, reached duty, injury, act was the actual cause of injuries, and the lax act was the legal cause of the injuries. Strict liability. Even if an individual was not negligent and had no intent, he can still be held legally apt(p) for injuries caused by certain activities. Stric t liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained in the following product liability, ultra-hazardous activities, animal care, and some statutory offenses (Butera, Beausang, Cohen, & Brennan, 2011).Disclosure of internal representation ActionsTo prevent public perception of secrecy, Congress has allowed statutes to promote public disclosure of federal administrative agency actions, while at the same time defend companies from overly public administrative agency actions. These statutes are the granting immunity of In figure of speechation Act, the Government in the Sunshine Act, the Equal Access to Justice Act, and the Privacy Act. Freedom of information act. This federal law allocates for full or limited disclosure of formerly unreleased information and documents. This law guarantee public access to government records and commits a presumption of disclosure.However, there are nine exemptions of the act. Government in the sunshine act. This law allows closed or part ially closed advisory perpetration meetings. Closed or partially closed to the public are discussions of classified information, reviews of proprietary data, and deliberations that consider personnel privacy. Equal Access to Justice Act. A ships company who is subject to an action of an unjustified administrative agency can sue to recover attorneys costs and other fees (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ).Privacy Act.This act safe-keep records that ca be recovered from a system of records by personal identifiers like name or social security number. An individual can have access to his records and request correction if they are incomplete or inaccurate (Social Security Administration, 2011). Risk Management The Industrial Revolution caused substantial environmental defilement of solid and toxic wastes into the land and water. Companies such(prenominal) as Alumina, Inc. , were not efficient in voluntary pollution fancy, so the government took on its regulation and control (Chees eman, 2010).Awareness of and compliance to these regulatory statutes may be the beaver risk management strategy available to companies who are at potential risk. Risk estimate and compliance are managed in together with one another. Compliance management includes three interrelated perspectives preventive, detective, and corrective procedures. 80% of organizations report improvements from expanding their compliance regimens (BPM Forum, 2006). Preventive The easiest, close to fiscally sound, fastest air to solve a problem is to prevent the problem in the first place.The best risk preventive practice for agencies such as Alumina, Inc is regulatory compliance. The government places a high level of importance on the preservation of the environment and has stringent means of enforcing compliance to environmental regulation. The best approach for achieving compliance, thus minimizing regulatory risk, is to have a preventative focus. Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 as a rule-making agency to hold hearings, make decisions, and order remedies for violations of environmental laws. Air and water quality standards are established that regulate pollution rates.If companies were compliant with enacted statutes at all times of business operations, such measures would prevent regulatory risks. Although Section 5 of the FTC Act prohibits unfair and deceptive practices, some companies are in violation. Part of preventive risk management, companies must avoid misleading or omitting information. Unsubstantiated claims and bait and switch tactics must be avoided as a preventive measure. Insurance, which is governed by the law of contracts, is knowing for businesses to protect themselves against risk of loss.The law requires some companies to carry a minimum of $1 million of liability insurance, which will cover negligence, wrongful acts, and misconduct by the company (Cheeseman, 2010). Liability insurance will guarantee injured third parties compe nsation. This measure is both preventive and corrective. Detective Compliance evaluation inspections and audits will not serve as a preventive measure however serve to detect possible risks and is an after-the-fact approach. Compliance is defined as ensuring business procedures, operations, and practices are in concord with a given set of norms (Sadiq & Governatori, 2010).Detective measures are based on reporting and conducting internal and external audits. Changing legislatures and compliance requirements make it arduous to detect. The diversity, scale and complexity of compliance requirements warrant a highly systematic and well-grounded approach, (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008, p. 345). Corrective Measures Organizations can raise several defenses as corrective measures against liability. piece maintaining public image and damage control, defenses must be ethical in resolving potentially damaging lawsuits. Alternative Dispute Resolution.Negotiation is a easy form of alternativ e dispute resolution, and includes only the parties involved in the dispute. Negotiation is resolved when the parties reach a voluntary resolution. Mediation is another popular form of alternative dispute resolution. It is available through individuals and organizations like the American Arbitration Association and some court systems. Alternative dispute resolution is an attractive way to resolve disputes because of its speed and the empowerment of the involved parties. Court litigation is slow, expensive, and has uncertain results.Organizations can hold back sensitive business information from public dissemination. This will protect the disclosure of information that could hurt foreign policy or national defense, privacy of individuals, proprietary interests of business, functioning of the government, and other interests (HRSA, 2011). Corrective measures vary from the commencement of a new regulation, to breech reporting, to the company coming under surveillance and scrutiny by a control authority. In the worst-case scenario, a company can undergo an enforceable undertaking (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008).The company will position itself favorably with regulators and other controlling authorities if corrective measures are undertaken with a proactive approach. conclusion The states as well as the federal government administer and enforce laws related to safety. Companies are required to comply with the regulations and legal procedures of regulatory agencies just as much as they are required to follow federal laws. Managers must be aware of, and comply with federal and state laws that govern their business. Aligning business objectives with regulations and legislation will minimize tort and regulatory risks and improve business performance.

Laissez-Faire Racism Essay

In Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century, Lawrence Bobo discusses the apprehension of laissez-faire racism. Laissez-faire racism describes how racial attitudes in America have shifted from the overtly racist policies of Jim Crowe racism to more subtle forms. As opposed to during the Jim Crowe season when African-Americans faced blatant racism like segregation, they now face underlying racism teachingally, socially, and politically.The four main characteristics of laissez-faire racism, as described by Bobo, ar a continued acceptance of negative racial stereotypes a belief in a take playing field the belief that due to this level playing field, anyone can succeed by working hard and playing by the rules and our countrys belief in justice, so our countrys people behave consistently according to just principles. Although there argon many instances of this within the institutional policies and practices in our country, the two main examples that best exemplify the concept of laissez-faire racism are education and the criminal justice system.The most prominent example of laissez-faire racism is our countrys education system. Although clearly our country does not still have overtly racist policies such as the separate but equal doctrine, there is still a clear disparity between the education received by whiteness Americans and African-Americans and other minorities. The fact of the matter is, African-Americans and other minorities are still living in poorer neighborhoods, in which the quality of schools simply does not equalize to those in richer neighborhoods.Students are held to lower expectations at these schools. The textbooks and curriculum are outdated, and job resources are not open to these students. The drop out rates are much higher for African-Americans and minorities, SAT scores are much lower, and overall success rates simply cannot compare to those of white Americans living in richer neighborhoods with better schoo ls. A second example of laissez-faire racism lies within our criminal justice system. There is a gigantic disparity in the demise penalty between African-Americans and minorities as compared to whites.The chances of receiving the death penalty are much higher if an private is African-American and convicted of murder than if that very(prenominal) private was white. The facts are even more repulsive when analyzing victimology. If a white person kills a black person, the odds of them getting the death penalty are slim. If a black person kills a white person, the odds are significantly higher. The disparity lies in how we value a life, depending on the color of an individuals skin. Bobo came to two conclusions based on data collected throughout his research.For one, the United States has experienced a genuine and tremendous positive transformation in racial attitudes . However, he also concluded that racial contrast remains a barrier to the full economic, political, and social par ticipation of African-Americans in institutions . The fact that discrimination continues to remain a barrier to the participation of African-Americans in society can be clearly seen by the two examples mentioned. So, the question remains how do we frame this situation?How can these problems be addressed to achieve greater racial equality? In order to address the issue of education, our country must make a way to fund all schools equally. Although the federal government does give money to public schools across the country, schools in each district are by and large funded by the taxpayers living in that district through property taxes. This leads to a small number of money that is dedicated to schools in poorer districts, and a larger amount of money dedicated to schools in richer districts.The results of this policy are very obvious when comparing the quality of schools in richer districts to that in poorer. There are a a couple of(prenominal) ways that this policy can be crafted . The policy created by our government could direct more aid to schools in poorer districts in order to improve their floor and curriculum, thereby improving quality of their students performance. The policy could also redirect education money from richer districts to poorer districts, which would have the same effect.Either way, a policy needs to be put into place in order to get more money to the schools in these poorer districts, which need the money the most. In order to address the issue of the death penalty, our criminal justice practices must be analyzed. There must be a solid standard for what type of crime receives the death penalty, so that minorities do not face the death penalty at higher rates than white Americans. There should be strict guidelines for who receives the death penalty, with no subjectivity.For example, if Congress passed a law that required the death penalty for all premeditated first-degree murders, the law could not be applied broadly based on the bias ed judgments of a jury. A white man who commits first-degree murder would be subject to the death penalty, just like an African-American man, or any other minority individual for that matter. And this is just an example. Laws must be concrete and inflexible, that is, unable to be bent by a jury in order to hold minorities to stricter standards than that of white Americans.Essentially, to white people, race is something that has been dealt with as seen by the level playing field that supposedly exists today. To African-Americans, race is a constant reality that they must face every day. This psyche continues to be reemphasized through our laissez-faire racist policies in education and our criminal justice system. By eliminating this subtle discrimination and other policies like it, our country go away be able to fully move on from our discriminatory past and achieve greater racial equity.

Role Model: Bill Cosby

Role Model Review Bill Cosby My observation is establish on the biography of Dr. Bill Cosby. Cosby has been a great example of what a father and leader in the community is all about with regards to the Christian worldview. flush in his hay days, in the mid-60s, as a standup comic he was regarded as a PG comic because his material was clean of profanity and focused more on his personal life and experiences as a father. In 1965 he released comic albums that garnered him six Grammy Awards. His work was highly respected and he eventually finish up on picture, becoming a successful actor as well.Knowing the importance of instruction, the former high school dropout/ G. E. D. recipient, returned to school after religious service in the US Navy and obtained a degree from Temple University. He later earned a Masters/ PhD. in Education from the University of Massachusetts. Wanting to put down the focus of children and education to television, Dr. Cosby became involved with the PBS serie s The Electric Company and created the cartoon series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. Both shows focused on the value of education for children and young adults.He produced and starred in one of the most popular and successful television sitcoms in the 1980s The Cosby Show. It was the first television show to face an upper middle class African American family. The Cosby show drew audiences with its warm humor and believable (family) situations. Dr. Heathcliff Huxtable became one of the most popular dads in television history. He also served as a parental figure to his young co-stars on set. (Bill Cosby biography, 2011). An advocate for education, Bill continues to support universities, donating to Spellman College, in Atlanta, and huge amounts of money to various charities across the U.S. He continues to teach kids through television with the childrens cartoon series Little Bill. Dr. Cosby is passionate about creating positive family value in America. In 2004 Cosby roiled the ra cial waters when he blasted the pathology of Black families at an NAACP dinner in Washington, D. C. The iconic comedian stunned the nation with a bitter diatribe against low-income African-American families. Come on People, 2007, (a book discussing his outburst in 2004) has replaced Cosbys vitriolic speechifying with firm but loving essays that urge Blacks to eschew their pathological embrace of victimization and despair. (Washington, Laura, 2007). Cosbys view on ethics, family value, knowledge and reality express that he supports a Christian Worldview. My family watched The Cosby Show and although it was entertaining, it also taught family values and how to handle conflict and disagreement between siblings and parents. While religion wasnt stressed on the show, the family often attended church services and spoke of family traditions, ethics and right versus wrong according to Christian views. I have no problem with Jesus or God. I have a problem with plurality sitting there and saying that Jesus and God will find the way.I have a problem with Christian men who wont dress up and go down and confront the drug dealers. (Schwartzman, Paul, 2006). Bill Cosby is a comedic legend, a movie star, an educator and positive role model. His wholesome family visualise has even garnered him the title Americas Dad. References 1. (2001). Bill Cosby biography. (2011). Print Photo. Retrieved from www. biography. com/people/bill-cosby9258468. 2. Washington, Laura S. (2007). Come on People Bill Cosby is right. These Times, 31 (12), 17. 3. Schwartzman, Paul. (2006, May 17). Cosby scolds idle churchgoers. The Washington Post.

World War One Germany Essay

by and by World War One German had to confront serious jobs. such as the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the calorie- surplus and unpopular Weimar Government. serious economic jobs of rising prices and unemployment in the early 1920s and once more after 1929 and the Great Depression. Furthermore. fright and concern ab away the wax of fabianism with work stoppages and rebellions. Hitler used powerful persuasion techniques such as propaganda and in some other circumstance aggression and force to extinguish his oppositions. therefore share him to go a totalitarian dictator. This essay will discus the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the governance and economic jobs and in addition fright of communism and the techniques Hitler used to extrapolate power. Basically. why the Germans were so angry about the agreement of Versailles. A pact is an understanding which sorts out penalties. land boundaries and could be designed to forestall future state of war. After the First World War. a pact had to be made to penalize Ger umteen. This had to be done as Ger many an(prenominal) had lost the war and had signed the Armistice on 11th November 1918 by the new German authorities.The Paris peace conference foremost met in January 1919. It was its occupation to compose the pact of Versailles. At this peace. conference there was a repre moveative from America. France and Great Britain. Germany was non allowed to house a representative as the Allies knew that they were traveling to penalize Germany. so there was no point retentivity a representative still so they can reason their instance. President Woodrow Wilson represented America and he wanted the Treaty of Versailles to be based on his fourteen-point program. This did non take to penalize Germany merely aimed to forestall future war. He did non desire to penalize Germany as merely 116. 000 American soldiers died. This is as they merely entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Besides their land was non damaged as conflicts were fought in Europe. The war attempt besides did non be them much financially. This once more was because America had entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Their president Georges Clemenceau represented France and he wanted to penalize Germany as much of their land was damaged as many conflicts were fought at that place.In add-on. 1. 500. 000 Gallic soldiers died. Great Britain were represented by their Prime curate Lloyd George. He wanted to penalize Germany as 1. 000. 000 British soldiers had died and the war attempt had cost Britain a batch financially. The pact of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919. Germany had no pick but to subscribe. This was as if they did non subscribe it would ensue in war. which Germany could non afford to make. America did non pass off their formal consent to the pact and subsequently signed a separate pact with Germany ( pact of Berlin on July 2nd 1921 ) . The Germans were so angry about the pact of Versailles. because they thou ght that as the war was lost they would be punished and be in peace. This nevertheless did non go on. Germany was at peace with other states but it was a dictate ( determined peace ) . This meant that the Alliess were still in control of the state of affairs. This would oppress German pride. This is as it gives the feeling that they are under control by another state.They might every bit good be portion of person elses imperium. Again. the fact of authorities propaganda comes up. The populace likely thought that they could be ordering the peace alternatively of being under control. Another specific country. in which Germany was punished by the pact of Versailles. was their military loss. Germany was punished in footings of fring out militarily a batch. This essay will merely pick out two points to assist associate to the sum of penalty. First. the German demesne forces was restricted to merely a 100 1000 soldiers. In add-on. Germany was non allowed to hold an air force. Both these points meant that Germany were really vulnerable to assail. This helped the Alliess. as they knew that Germany would non be able to establish a thriving onslaught on a state. Besides they knew that they could easy assail Germany if they needed to. Another pieces of grounds proposing a dictate. Besides holding a little ground forces dented Germanys pride. We know that Germany like to hold a large ground forces as one of the major long term causes of the runner humans war was the weaponries race between Britain and Germany. There would besides be a batch more unemployment in Germany. This meant fewer taxpayers. which would non lend to the reparations that Germany had to pay.The authorities may besides hold to raise the revenue enhancements doing the authorities less popular with the people. Another specific country in which Germany lost out is territorially. Germany lost many topographical points to other states due to the footings and conditions located out by the pact of Vers ailles. Firstly. Germany lost 13 % of its overall land to other states. This would do a job and do the Germans discontented. as they would be less powerful. In add-on. Germany lost a batch of their industry. This is every bit many of their most productive countries of excavation were taken off. for parable the Saar coalfields. Wholly. Germany lost 16 % of their entire industry. One of the countries lost was Alsace Lorraine that was home to many German people. Not all of this would assist Germany financially or in footings of the military. They would free out financially as they would free their income from the industrial parts lost. Besides they would lose the revenue enhancements that would hold been paid by citizen life in other states which belonged to Germany. They would free out in footings of the military. as they could non trust on citizens from other states to contend for them. Wholly. Germany lost 6 million people. Another facet of penalty that was laid out by the pact o f Versailles was that Germany had to pay reparations.The figure was set at around 100. 000. 000. 000 Markss. With all the losingss Germany had suffered people began to inquire the inquiry if Germany could afford. The people would be unhappy through high revenue enhancements. Germany had lost many of their industrial states and there was high unemployment. This did non assist Germany financially. There were no revenue enhancements from other states so Germany was worse off. The German would experience peculiarly humiliated and angry through this point as they felt that they alone were non responsible for all the costs of the war attempt. In add-on. they would be under changeless humiliation. as they would ever experience. as they owe something. They besides would non hold a opportunity for their economic system to turn. as they couldnt invest. This would dent their pride as they would non be known as a powerful state. Germany was really severely affected by the depression and since 1929 unemployment had been on the rise. By January 1933 the unemployment figure in Germany had risen to 6. 100. 000. bing concerns were making really severely and homelessness and poorness had become really common amongst immature people. Taxs were raised and unemployment benefits were cut.The governments chastening to cover with the depression left the Nazis with a really defeated state. particularly the business communities. workers. immature people and husbandmans ( who had been making severely since 1925. ) The economic crisis allowed Hitler and the Nazis to come in Germanys political scene. which is what they had antecedently been seeking to make. If it hadnt have been for this awful economic crisis so Germany would likely still have been making moderately good under Gustav Stresemanns leading and the Germans would hold had no demand to re-consider re-electing Stresemann. The Depression helped the Nazis addition much needed support because it meant that Weimar authorities was making severely. The outlook of Germany were no longer being met by the authorities. which meant that the Germans had to re-consider who they were traveling to vote for at the follo pilot election. This means that the two grounds ( The Depression and Weimar ) are linked closely. because it was Weimars harm to cover with the depression that allowed the Nazis to prehend their chance and set their new. more peaceable and caring attack into action. In November 1917. the worlds first communist authorities set up in Russia USSR. Many socialist and Communist in German supported the thought of Communism distributing to German.In November 1918. Germany was dislocated and discontent. In add-on. Communists sparticists began an peak and violent effort to subvert the new Weimar authorities. Soldiers and crewmans were in rebellion. Finally. in January 1919. exsoldiers ( the free Corps ) violently put down the communism rebellion and the sparticist leaders were murdered. In March 1919. more pub lic violences occurred and work stoppages by Communists in Berlin began. In early 1919. the socialist leader Kurt Eisher was shot by a right wing extremist in Bavaria and it seemed to German people that they were earnestly threatened by Communist violent. Communism became more utmost and set up a Soviet manner democracy. In maintaining with Communist philosophy. they took money and belongings from rich people and redistributed them to the workers. After the Red Communist Army was set up. the Weimar authorities sent in the free Corps military personnels to beleaguer Munich. Six hundred Communists and protagonists were killed. Communist workers started work stoppage and they set up a Communist ground forces of 50 50. 000 members. Again. the free Corps moved in and killed 2000 workers.Therefore. there was tonss of grounds that shows that Communism was a violent and existent menace in German. Besides many people feared and resented Communism and wanted a strong party or leader to stand up to the Communist and extinguish Communism in German. Propaganda was an of implication tool used by both Germany and Russia. Hitler appointed a large male by the name of Joseph Goebbles to head the Ministry of Public Enlightenment in Germany. This adult male used newspapers. magazines. and wireless to distribute Nazism. Even if a adult male bathed in ideas of discontent at place. he was bombarded with propaganda in public. and at the workplace. Banners hung from edifice. postings on about every mark or lamppost.Anyone with a leery expression on his or her face was foremost detained. and the sent to a prison cantonment. It was no longer merely desirable to be a Nazi sing the benefits like authorities contracts or being able to stand foremost in line. but necessary for employment. Russia employed much the same tactics with much more accent on fright. The signifier of propaganda that Hitler used. and was successful in utilizing. was his words. Hitler made many addresss. but the mos t celebrated address. was his concluding address at his test for lese majesty. In this address he gave his positions and sentiments on the events predating the test.This is an extract from his address I aimed from the first to . go the destroyer of Marxism . The ground forces that we are constructing grows more from twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. from hr to hr. Gentlemen. non you who will be the 1s that deliver the finding of fact over us. but that finding of fact will be given by the ageless judgement of history. which will talk out against the accusal that has been made against us . That motor inn will judge us . as Germans ( who ) wanted merely the best for their people and their Fatherland. who fought and were willing to decease. You might merely every bit good go on us guilty a 1000 times. but the goddess of the ageless courtroom of history will smile and rupture up the gestures of the provinces lawyer and the judgement of this tribunal for she finds us non guilty .A fter Hitler gave this address. the tribunal was sympathetic towards him. he was sentenced to merely five old ages in prison for his offense. After nine months of his sentence had been served. he received word. Bing able to derive Nazi party control and addition adequate protagonists. proves that he was an efficient user of propaganda. Hitler besides had his ain curate of propaganda when he became leader of the state. This proves that Hitler was a user of propaganda. In decision. due to the grounds shown. such as the great depression. disfavor of the weak Weimar authorities. economic jobs. fright and work stoppages of the communism and successful techniques that Hitler used to derive their people support. We can see that Hitler became a powerful totalitarian dictator Sue to his development of jobs faced by Germany and her people.

Mesopotamia and China

Although Mesopotamia and China had similarities in politics, economics, social organization, and religion between 8000 BCE 600 CE, they also had differences. both Mesopotamia and China followed the same pattern to state and empire building (Supanick, Notes 2012). They both also had agricultural and concern societies (Supanick, Notes 2012). some(prenominal) also had social inequities and were both polytheistic (Supanick, Notes 2012). They also had significant differences, Mesopotamias empires were replaced by outside groups as in Chinas empires being replaced by other Chinese (Supanick, Notes 2012).Also, Mesopotamia had a lot of long distance trade, plot of ground China trade more internally, with the exception of the Han (Supanick, Notes 2012). They also had differences in their social stratification, Mesopotamia had a major priest figure. China had one but is was not important as the one in Mesopotamia (Supanick, Notes 2012). Religiously, China had a diversity in religion, as in Mesopotamias one religion (Supanick, Notes 2012). China and Mesopotamia had galore(postnominal) political similarities. twain civilizations were threatened by invaders.Mesopotamia was threatened by many invaders that sometimes conquered and established empires in the area, ilk the Assyrians and Babylonians. The biggest invaders of China were the Xiongu, a nomadic group from the north. Both were invaded for many reasons. One reason was the invaders were trying to expand and/or conquer. Also, the geography of the areas predisposed invasion. Another political analogy was the type of g everywherenment, which was monarchy. Mesopotamia had many different leaders, the first was Sargon, followed by Hammurabi. China also many leaders, the emperor at the height of the Han was Wudi.Monarchs arose in Mesopotamia and China because peoples were seeking protection and power. A final political similarity was the position of state and empire building. Both China and Mesopotamia followed thi s order Rise of Agriculture to Villages to City-States to Kingdoms to Empires. Both civilizations followed this pattern because of population growth, that allowed them to expand and grow. Mesopotamia and China also had political differences. Both civilizations had many different empires, however Mesopotamia had more than China. Mesopotamia empires were being replaced frequently, as in China empires lasted longer.Mesopotamia had many empires coming in and replacing each other. Sargon and the Akkadians were the first, then(prenominal) Hammurabi and the Babylonians, then the Assyrians, and then Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians. While China only had the Qin, that was later replaced by the Han. This difference occurs because Mesopotamia had many invaders and the geography made them open for invasion, as in China they didnt check to worry about many invaders and had protection by having split of the great wall to protect them. Another political difference is the groups of people who conquered the empires.In Mesopotamia, their empire were conquered by external invaders, as in China their empires were conquered by other Chinese civilizations. In Mesopotamia, the Babylonians were conquered by the Assyrians, an external invader. In China, the Qin empire eventually replaced with the Han, a chinese civilization. Like other differences this happens because of invaders and geography. Mesopotamia has many invaders and is open to invasion while China is composed of many neighboring chinese civilizations protected by some parts of great wall and only have some invaders.Not only does Mesopotamia and China have political similarities they also have economic similarities. One economic similarity is their mode of production which is Agriculture and Trade. Mesopotamia did a lot of trade and farming, they farmed wheat and barely. China grew rice and millet and trade mostly internally until the Han and the Silk Road. Both civilizations were agricultural and trade societies becau se their geography allowed them to farm and trade easily. Another economic similarity is agricultural technologies.Both civilizations created many ways to make farming easier. They both made irrigation systems and agricultural tools like the wheel. They both created new technologies to make farming easier and more productive. Mesopotamia and China also had economic differences. Mesopotamia and China did not always traded long distances. Mesopotamia traded long distances, unlike the chinese who only traded internally. Mesopotamia and China traded to get things they couldnt, but China only traded internally because they were ethnocentric.They thought they were superior to others and would be thought as soiled if they were dealing with foreigners. However, when the Han took over China they established the Silk Road that they traded long distantly on. Another economic difference is what they grew. China grew rice and millet, while Mesopotamia grew wheat and barely. This difference occur s because of their geography and climate. Mesopotamias geography and climate was favorable to wheat and barely, while Chinas was favorable to rice and millet. Mesopotamia and China also had social similarities.Both civilizations had major inequities in society. Chinas stratification was Emperor, Nobles, Peasants, and Merchants. Mesopotamias stratification was Emperor, Priest, Nobles, Artisan, Peasants/Slaves. The upper class in both societies made up about 5% of the population while the peasants and slaves made up 95% of it. However the upper class got 95% of the wealth, while the peasants and slaves got 5% of it. This occurred because people with power were not interested in sharing and didnt care for those below them. Another similarity is the Emperor was the all unchewable leader.

Plan Market Research Assessment Essay

IntroductionThis Project scope Regain has been designed to involve all stakeholders of D.A. garden Supplies so that all aspects of the business can be be analysed through collecting invaluable entropy and entropy by the query methods below. Our aim is to identify the face of the problem that the business is going through right now so that future securities industrying can be targeted accordingly for positive results. With proper inquiry and strategic planning, D.A. Garden Supplies should be able to recoer its lost and on its office to a successful future.Preliminary project scopeProject delineate RegainProject Owner Even TanSponsor D.A. Garden SuppliesStakeholder David and AlisonRequired resources, sample size and search assistanceResources required for the scope query will let in human, financial and physical resources. These will be required for each type of data collection as followsFocus Group This is a small host of customers in a discussion to focus on the master(p renominal) thought of fount to the problem, the competition. Could be held in the lunch room everyplace a 1 hour period. An external marketing professional would need to be hired to conduct the focus group and 6 participants from the target market would also be required for the discussion. Physical resources required are pens, paper, tea and coffee, brochures of competition and light refreshments. Overall comprise including preparation of the focus group would be $550.Survey After the focus group has taken place the survey can be developed from the data collected. The 5 min survey could be conducted at the local shopping centre focused on surveying a minimum of 30 to 60 people from thetarget market over a 6 hour period. An external interviewing professional would need to be hired to conduct the survey and briefed on who to approach and what to say. Physical resources required include surveys, pens, clipboard and a bag to store completed surveys. Overall cost including preparat ion of survey and external staff would be $450. search Reports and Internet Research A specialist market research organisation will need to be hired to conduct this research and for analysing the data from these reports, survey results, interviewed staff and experiment of product. The cost for analysing this data into a detailed report would cost $740. Another cost would be the purchase of secondary winding data from Ibisworld. The Garden supplies retailing in Australia market research report is $845 and this will provide invaluable data into the industry.Interview Staff This could be held in the lunch room each one of the 9 staff members should have a half hour interview conducted by external marketing professional. Physical resources required are a questionnaire and light refreshments. The enumerate cost would be for development of the questionnaire and 4.5 hours of interviewing the staff, this would cost $650.Research Method and periodlineThis research are apply both quanti tative research and qualitative research, since it conducted surveys, focus group and meetings in put in to cooperate needed information. Using qualitative method such(prenominal) as focus group able us to develop our survey, This way we know we will ask the correct questions that are needed when surveying our customers and potential customers.This method was chosen as it is beneficial in developing a successful survey. Using quantitative method for this research because it is easily analysed using statistical methods. For example, a survey is carried out to obtain information about people, such as their opinions, preferences, attitudes, expectations, likes and dislikes. This method was chosen as it directly targets our customers and potential customers to get their opinions on D.A. Garden Supplies and the competition.This whole research process going to take 2 weeks, that give us, the researcher enough time to analyze the data and come out with a detail solution on the problem.Da ta insertingTypes of data requiredThis research need a combination of data in order to get the best result. Secondary data- this data is information that already exists, information like the Garden supplies retailing in Australia market research report are statistics conducted by government. This resource is easier and cheaper to obtain, and it provide a great insight on the market itself. Primary data- this data does not exist, it requires the researcher to communicating with people or making observation about people and situation in order to generate the data. Although it is much harder and time consuming compare to secondary data, it is the most valuable resource for the company since it targets the specific problem that the company has.Formal Research and informal research- Conducting a survey able to cover a broad range of topics and able to gather as much information as the research need to, Informal research such as asking opinions from staff about the company and customers feedback and analysing the company sales statistics from internal records are the easiest way to gather in the shortest among of time, however, be careful with the data as it might be data that are not as subjective as primary and secondary data.Quantifying the dataThe sample size is chosen to maximise the chance of uncovering a specific mean difference, which is also statistically significant. The reason larger samples gain your chance of significance is because they more reliably reflect the population mean. Therefore it is necessary to conduct any survey or interview with as many participants as possible that is acceptable under the given financial budget.Data processing methodThere are some one shot overation in deciding how to process the data gathered will include-type of analysis that will be required-the tote up of data to be collected-available budget-available timeHiring an analyst able to handle a more complex data, and able to receive the most accurate data in a sh ort amount of time. Less complex data can be dealt with a specialist statistical software, however it requires specific training and the software itself is expensive. Small market research can be dealt with Microsoft Excel as it able to handle basic statistics. Lastly, very basic calculation with small data sets can be undertaken using a statistical calculator.This research includes both quantitative and qualitative data, and result can be complex because it involves personal feelings and opinions from staff and consumers, therefore, hiring a statistician consider as the most appropriate method for this research, as they have the experience to deal with complex data and able to analyze all data and turn it into results that are easy to understand. Although it is expensive to conduct, if this research has done correctly, it could help D.A. Garden Supplies turn into a successful business.Draft Research ObjectiveAfter our introductory consultation and analysing the information in the scope the main objective is to find out if the competition was the main cause for the 5% drop in salesThe sub-objectives are1) To examine customers and potential customers attitudes on the competition.2) To identify needs of customers.3) To determine whether new products need to be introduced. By using market research D.A. Garden Supplies will analyse the competition find the cause of the 5% drop in sales and then use this information to increase overall sales by 10%.Feasibility of the research and ConclusionFocus groups, interviewing staff and secondary data are all forms of exploratory research which essentially gather qualitative data, its findings are in decisive and should not be used for final or important conclusiveness making. Therefore to make a final decision a survey or experiment must be conducted as they are both descriptive research which have quantitative data which makes the findings conclusive and useable.Therefore after analysing the above research methods, it cou ld conclude that the focus group and survey would be the best data collecting methods to use to find the cause of the 5% loss of sales profit for D.A. Garden Supplies as it targets the customers and potential customers directly which will provide information needed to find whether the competition is the main cause. Although for the purpose of this research we will be using all of the research methods above as this will determine a thorough result. With this vital information we can eliminate the cause in future marketing plans making D.A. Garden Supplies sales successful in the future.If you find this project proposal are acceptable, I will need you, the business owner, David and Alison, and all other stakeholders to approve this research proposal.

Howard’s End: A Brief Introduction Essay

Howards End is a famous novel, which is written by a great English novelist and a versatile short write up writer named, Edward Morgan Forster. It has been published and broadly surrenderd in 1910. Forsters novel mainly depicts a unique fabrication of family line struggle during the early days in England. The humbug of Howards End has captured the heart and estimation of m any readers, as it showcases a distinct narration of social complexity and dilemma back in the ancient days.Due to its broad success, James Ivory has made a celluloid adaptation of Forsters novel in 1992, which mainly present the identical story and theme. Class Differences in Howards End (1992) The movie Howards End serves as a successful adaptation of the novel written by Forster, more specifically in the aspect of categorize struggle. Considering the many similarities of the book and the movie, one of the most app atomic number 18nt themes that surface among the await is the concept of distinguish stru ggle (Poplaski 64).The comparisonships in the midst of the classes, in relation to how it is presented in the book, ar shown in the dissipate through a variety of elements and scenes. The struggle of the characters to move and relate to one another(prenominal) is shown through the lenses of power, somatic possessions, and opportunities. Definition of Class trial and Class Struggle in Howards End Class Struggle is often characterized as the conflict of different classes in the society. However, the definition of class struggle varies from different kinds of situation and ideology.From Marxisms point of view, class struggle is delimitate as a conflict amid the work class (the lower class) and the capitalist (the higher(prenominal) class) in terms of economic and political stability in a stack inn up type of society (Slaughter). Thus, Karl Marx notwithstanding defines class struggle as difference mingled with the business class, which he called as bourgeoisie, and workin g employees, which he referred to as proletariat (Slaughter).On the other hand, match to Geoffrey Ernest Maurice De Ste.Croix, a well known and reputable British historian, class struggle is fundamental relationship between classes and their applaudive individual members, involving essentially exploitation, or resistance to it (44). De Ste. Croix believes that class struggle does not inevitably contain communal action by a given class and that it either has direct or validatory activity on a political surface. As for the story of Howards End, class struggle is characterized as social conflict among the different classes in the society.Thus, the central theme of class struggle in the story of Howards end progresses around the aspects of social stability, economic strength and wealth. The Wilcoxes reflect class struggle in Howards End in such a way that they have enormous superiority against the phloems, as they have greater financial prowess, more especially with the amount of b usinesses that they possess and control as the higher or business class of the society. On the other hand, the basts mirror class struggle in a totally different way with that of the Wilcoxes, as they struggle and work really hard to further offset their position and worth in the society.Unlike that of the Wilcoxes, the Basts are having more difficulties in terms of getting the respect and sympathy of most people, more especially those who get in the higher or middle class of the society. Power In general, power can be observed based on two distinguishing factors. First, it is defined by the holder of power. Second, it is defined by the basis for possession of power. In the movie, power is concentrated on the upper echelons of the society and is structured as an inverted pyramid where it trickles down but becomes less for for each one level.When this is applied to the characters of the movie, the greatest amount of power is concentrated on the Wilcoxes and is followed by the Schl egel sisters. The Basts are given the least(prenominal) amount of power, which is some convictions tantamount to having none at all. The source of power for the Wilcoxes is their wealth accumulated from the businesses they own. As for the Schlegel sisters, their share of power comes from their intellect, their status as German descendants, and a respective amount of wealth.Consequently, the Basts are given little amount of power because they lack the needed wealth in arrangement to earn a significant position in the society. Nonetheless, the Basts, especially for Leonard, have the wealth of knowledge but this remains unnoticeable as a tool for earning a portion of power. The concept of power plays an important aspect in the struggle between the classes. As shown in the movie, it is associated with the rights and privileges given to a particular class in the society. piece of music it is difficult to argue whether power influences privileges or vice versa, the fact remains that t he two are cogitate.Likewise, it is use as a means to further oppress or extend privileges to those who have a lesser share of power. For ex generous, the amount of power held by Mr. Wilcox is used in order to relinquish the sinful interest he had with Jackie ten years ago. Despite the negative stereotypes often associated with being a lover, Mr. Wilcox is able to release himself from the possible repercussions because he is associated with power and wealth. In fact, he is able to dismiss the thought without facing abominable consequences.In another part of the story, a similar deed is found with the unexpected pregnancy of Helen that is further worsened by the fact that the father of the child is married to another woman. The society also has standards for the calamity but the role of power on the issue is highlighted by the remarks made by Mr. Wilcox. The relatively lesser amount of power held by Helen is not enough for her to escape from the consequences of her condition, whi ch is why Mr. Wilcox insists on decreeing a way. The interference from Mr. Wilcox shows that he realizes the need for the use of his power in order to save Helen from the situation.Material Possessions In the book, the author can resort to descriptive words that rely on the imagination of the readers in order to distinguish the struggle between the classes in relation to their material possessions. However, this is not the case for the movie, which makes use of optical representations to show the inherent differences between the classes. The distinct material possessions that served as the source of the class struggle are the shelter, food, and clothing, which are essentially the basic needs of mankind.In the movie, the Shlegels are faced with problems in relation to their house. They are forced to find another place to live in because their lease is going to end to give way to the construction of new infrastructures, which one thousand thousand referred to as houses similar to tha t of Mrs. Wilcox. In this particular instance, it is shown that those from the lower class can be deprived of their basic needs in order to provide more for those who belong to the higher level in the class system. As Meg and Helen finds a way to move to another house soon, Meg inadvertently seeks the help of Mr.Wilcox as she considers his capabilities for finding them a house. Sooner, Meg ends up marrying Mr. Wilcox. Questions related to her intention of marrying Mr. Wilcox shows that it is related to the class to which the latter belongs. As Santas mentioned she likes the solid businessman in him, the money-making and enterprising magnate whose kind have helped erect the pillars of the British empire (161). To a certain extent, Meg used the mating in order to reap the material benefits of becoming associated with the upper class.Food and clothing remains an peanut factor for the Wilcoxes and the Schlegel considering the abundance of such for their consumption. Similarly, the occ asional scenes shot at the house of the Basts show the worse house conditions made serveable for their family. Likewise, food and clothing remain scarce for the Basts. The difficulties faced by the Basts in relation to these needs are further highlighted in the wedding of Mr. Wilcoxs daughter. As soon as Meg meets Helen, who brought the Basts to the wedding, she is immediately confronted with the fact that the couple is in a state of starvation.They are allowed to eat at the conference with the help of Helen but their presence caught the attention of Mr. Wilcoxs son and daughter-in-law. Mr. Wilcoxs son, Charlie, questioned Jackie Bast whether she is associated with the bride or the clip in order to find out if she is really a guest. The behavior of Charlie and the rest of the family towards the presence of the Bast show the detachment of the upper class with that of the lower class. In opportunities provided to them, the members of the upper class would highlight the things that set them apart from the members of the lower class.Opportunities First, the opportunities for acquiring a crease remains a big issue for those in the lower class while those in the middle- and higher-class enjoys a relatively wider set of opportunities. Throughout the story, the plight of Leonard Bast is shown in relation to his employment opportunities. His problems regarding work started when Meg asked Mr. Wilcox how he could be of help to a shop assistant who is working at an insurance company. Mr. Wilcox, after finding out the name of the company, said that the organization is sooner unstable and Leonard should find another job.The Schlegel sisters consequently advised Leonard to do as Mr. Wilcox said but he immediately got terminated from his new job. Soon after, he faced difficulties looking for a new job as he tried from one organization to another. At a later scene, Leonard shared his spot on why he is having a difficult time in getting hired. His explanation is highly as sociated with the class he belongs to and compares it with the upper class. According to Leonard, the members of the upper class can easily change and find a new job whenever they are in a situation similar to what he is in as of the moment.On the other hand, the poor, like him, have a difficult time after they recur their current job. Not only is this difficulty associated with getting employed but is also related to how they would avail of services or products that they need in order to survive. In relation to this, Mr. Wilcox did not take any personal responsibility over the mishaps of Leonards unemployment. Despite the fact that Helen continuously pointed out that it is his fault, he remained self-possessed by the incident and is not eve bothered by the condition of Basts after the advice he made.Likewise, he refused to help Leonard despite his qualifications and the availability of jobs in his company. His refusal might be related to his inherent detachment with that of the poor. In fact, he once told Helen that she should not take up that sentimental attitude over the poor (Forster 193). Second, the opportunities of travel from one class to another proves to be difficult and is often taken negatively by the members of a particular class. As for the Basts, their only option for marriage is someone from their own class, which did not actually enjoyed ample focus in the movie.The relationship that is focused throughout a greater part of the movie is represent of members from two different classes. The people involved are that of Mr. Wilcox and Meg, who came from the upper class and middle class, respectively. The marriage between people from the middle class and upper class is not prohibited but is often jilted by members of the upper class. In the case of Mr. Wilcox and Meg, the children of the former did not fully accept the latter even after everything that has happened. Despite the kindness shown by Meg, the children of Mr. Wilcox remained insince re with the relationship they formed with her.Likewise, they casted doubt over the favors asked by Meg from Mr. Wilcox as they considered these favors as exploitation. The behavior of Mr. Wilcoxs children is a manifestation of the common disapproval held by the upper class towards the inclusion of a person from the lower class. While there are inhabit for movement in between the classes, the barriers that have to be broken remain tough and difficult to handle. synopsis and Conclusion The movie Howard End is a distinctive portrayal of class struggle as it brings demeanor to the words laid out in the novel by Forster.The film successfully represents the concept of class struggle as it is used in the novel. Despite some differences from the novel, the movie is able to invest in the scenes and the elements of the story in order to create a similar portrait of class struggle with that of the book. much specifically, the class struggle is shown through power relations, material posses sions, and opportunities. Throughout the film, the idea of class struggle existed from the begin until the end. It can be said that the centrality of class struggle is related to the real-world experience that surrounds the novel at the time of its publication.

14 Points Woodrow Wilson

President Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points On January 8, 1918 President Woodrow Wilson gave a proposal to Congress which outlined the post World War I peace treaty ulterior negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference, and in the Treaty of Versailles. The fourteen points were intended to generate support for Wilsons vision of the postwar world, both home & also among allies in Europe. The president hoped that the promise of a just peace would be embraced by the populations in enemy nations and generates momentum for ending the war.When comparing Avalon cypher ( primary) & History World (secondary) documents for Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points, I found that the primary document is the actually proposal. there is nothing creative about it. It is just what Wilson stated. When reading the primary I had no understanding of what was be presented to both houses of Congress. In Wilson perspective it was for the Congress, to discuss the objects of the war and the possible basis of a general pe ace. As, I read the secondary source document, I fully understood the proposal.The writer generated this variance for the people. He shorten and paraphrased it but, I was able to understand the document. Indeed the Avalon Project (primary) version was more information then what was necessary because he was presenting it to Congress so it had to be in a certain form & most essential professionally presented. That document is more of the original. So it is supposed to be more into details. With the History World (secondary) version the information w

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and Piggy and Ralph in Lord of the Flies Essay

In twain Anita and Me and adult maleufacturer of the Flies, the characters put up precise much the same type of friendly relationship. The two people in the friendship argon non on the same level when they are together. For example, in Anita and Me, Meena is never awaitn as more skipper to Anita and boorish is never observen as master key to Ralph. Despite this fact, the reader can obviously tell that both Meena and Piggy are more intellectually topnotch to Anita and Ralph.These two friendships in both books undergo changes as incidents occur such as the forming of Jacks tribe in everywherelord of the Flies and when Anitas other friends abandon her. These changes really force both Anita and Ralph, the more A-one of the two friendships to rely firmly on the inferior of the friendships, Piggy and Meena for emotional support. If these parts of the two books were looked at in detail, the reader would see that both Ralph and Anita usually feel as if they cannot continue and Meena and Piggy are usually the people who encourage them through their difficult times and provide support.At the beginning of Anita and Me, Anita is portrayed as alternatively an personable teenage girl and one with the power to have control over people,Anita was the undisputed cock of our deoxyguanosine monophosphateher foghorn voice, foul mouth indicated she was carrying enough testosterone around to earn the titleshe had the face of a pissed-off cherub, massive green eyes, blonde hair and a curling mouthHere we can see that Anita is depict as the undisputed cock of our yard. This illustrates how she is a very powerful girl. The fact that features such as blonde hair, large green eyes and a face of a cherub are resembled in her purpose that she is quite an angelic, good and polite young girl. This, however, is contradicted by her foghorn voice and foul mouth. This shows us how she is not really what she seems and that even though she may look tough and powerful, sh e really is quite a lonely, sad girl. If we compare Anitas appearance to Meenas, we see a large differencethe winter coat, the scabbed knees, my bullheaded nine-year old face not because I was too young or badly dressed, it was something else, something about me so offputting, so unimaginable.Meena describes herself as very unattractive. When compared to Anita, we can see that it is the truth. Anitas description gives her maturity and transcendency while Meenas make her seem as if she is a little nine-year old girl who does not possess the same maturity and superiority as Anita. It is very much the same as headmaster of the Flies with Piggy and Ralphs friendship. At the beginning, our first impression gained of Ralph is of an athletic and attractive young boyHe was old enough, twelve years and a a few(prenominal) months, to have lost the prominent flock of childhoodyou could see flat that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, steal there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaim no devilHere Ralph is described in an attractive way and he, like Anita, can be described in two different ways firstly as a boxer which portrays Ralph as a strong, powerful man while the mildness about his mouth and eyes shows that he is pacify an innocent pleasant young boy. In the same way Anita is friends with Meena in Anita and Me, Ralph is friends with Piggy. Piggy is very equivalent to Meena. Both Piggy and Meena are not as attractive as Ralph and Anita. In this way, they are seen as insuperior to themThe naked crooks of his knees were plump, caught and scratched by thornsHere Piggys description does not portray him as any very attractive or very interesting. The fact that his knees are scratched by thorns makes Piggy seem quite young as you normally imagine young children to have scratched knees. Ralph is described as almost a man. This is another way in which Piggy is depicted as inferior to Ralph.Another way in which R alph and Anita are described as greater than Piggy and Meena are when they meet. When Anita talks to Meena for the first time, she assumes that she is more superior to Meena.then snatched the bag off me and began walking away as she ateWhen Anita meets Meena, she snatches a bag of sweets from her and starts to walk away. She expects Meena to follow and what I vex surprising is that Meena seems to think that this is fine and she feels happy to follow her a few paces behind. Meena feels privileged to be in Anitas company. Anita realises this and uses it to her advantage. Anita has got used to realising that she is normally the leader of a group and that she has the tycoon to exert a lot of power. Ralph also assumes that he is superior when he meets Piggy. When Piggy asks what Ralphs designation is, Ralph does not return the gestureThe fat boy waited to be asked his name in turn buy this proffer of acquaintance was not madeHere Ralph is portrayed as quite arrogant. We can see that Ralph obviously feels in some way superior to this fat boy and therefore he feels that he is not the same level as him. Throughout the book, Ralph has a certain amount of superiority over Piggy and uses it often. When Jack, Simon and Ralph explore the island for the first time and Piggy asks to come, Ralph embaraces him by refusing to let him come. The same is done in Anita and Me, as Anita is throughout the book more superior to Meena. Both Meena and Piggy do not break to the groups that are formed in the books. Piggy is far too intellectual and mature for the games played and he is the odd one out of the group, as is Simon. Meena too does not fit in to Anitas group. She describes herself as too young for Anitas consideration and too old for the children. Even when she does join Anitas group, she sometimes feels out of place.Towards the end of both books, both Anita and Ralph find that they need support when their close friends leave them. In Anita and Me, Anita experiences this w hen her acquire leavesshe always seemed older than her peers. But when I spied her sitting exclusively on the park swings, from a distance, her crumpled face and hunched shoulders turned her momentarily into a little old lady.When Anitas mother and the poet leave her, Anita feels depressed and lonely. Meena, although she is angry with her, feels sorry for Anita and tries to comfort and support her. This shows how Meena, even though she is portrayed as insuperior to Anita, is the more stable of the two girls. Meena has two loving parent who look after her well and a baby brother while Anita lives with her unreliable mother who is hardly there for her and a father who sees her very rarely. Ralph also finds himself in this situation when the boys divide into two groups and Ralph is left only with Simon and PiggyPiggyUh?What are we going to do?Piggy looked at the conch.You could-Call an assembly?Ralph laughed sharply as he say the word and Piggy frowned.Here we can see the difference in Ralphs way of talk to Piggy. We can see that Ralph has no idea of what to do now that Jack has made his own tribe. Ralph now finds that he is relying on Piggy to help and support him through his time of need. Ralph also uses the word we instead of I. This shows how Ralph feels that both him and Piggy are now in their own tribe. It also shows how Ralph is letting Piggy be on the same level as him by using we.Another way in, which the friendship of Anita and Meena and the friendship between Ralph and Piggy are similar, is the ending of the friendship. At the end of the book, Meena realises that Anita is not the person she should be a best friend withI dont give a toss what your infant Anita does, Tracey. Yow can tell her that from me.At this headland, Meena has realised that Anita has not treated her as well as she should have been treated. Meena learns this from making friends with two other people who treat her well and are true friends. When Meena returns from hospital, she doesnt interact much and is happy doing things alone. Anita, suspicious of her happiness and the love she receives from her parents, sends threatening notes to her in the hope of scaring Meena. At this point we can really see that Meena is superior to Anita as Anita tries to make a desperate attempt at trying to feel more superior and secure by threatening her. The same happens in Lord of the Flies. After Piggy has died, Ralph realises what a great friend Piggy really was to him and how much he necessarily him when Jacks tribe turn against himAnd in the middle of them, with filthy body, unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.Here we can see that Ralphs image of a strong, powerful young man is lost and we see him as a young nave boy in contrast to Piggy who is described as wise. Before, Piggy was portrayed as a fat, asthmatic boy who was inferior to Ralph but now we see that Piggy is superior to Ralph. Ralph realises this and feels bad in the way he treated Piggy.Towards the end of both books, the characters who were portrayed as superior Anita and Ralph find it hard to cope when Meena and Piggy leave them. In Anita and Me, when Meena breaks the friendship between herself and Anita, Anita begins to find that she is jealous of Meena and sends her threatening notes. Similarly in Lord of the Flies, when Piggy dies, Ralph finds it hard to cope. He is left all alone and is abandoned by his so-called friends who he preferred to Piggy in the beginning. In both cases we find how much Ralph and Anita depended on Piggy and Meena to make them feel superior. While in actual fact, Meena and Piggy were the superior ones.

Code of Ethics Paper Essay

fit in to crabby person manipulation join of the States (2013), since 1988, genus Cancer Treatment Centers of the States (CTCA) has been helping tolerants win the fight against malignant neoplastic disease using advanced technology and a personalized approach (About Us). Each hospital provides state-of-the-art pubic louse give-and-take by a commit team of oncologists, surgeons and different wellness experts. They base on balls a welcoming environment, where patients and their family members offer find comprehensive crabby person c argon under one roof. The vision of the CTCA is to be recognise and trusted by people livelihood with pubic louse as the premier fondness for healing and swear. The organizational goals of the CTCA are to benefit the patient by providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person, improve tonus of life and restore hope.Organizational goalsAccording to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (2013), You and your healing are at the subject matter of our hearts, minds and actions, every day. We r bothy our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit (Cancer Experts Who Care). Organizational goals that are within the Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) are to provide patient care with, compassionate, appropriate and effective to assess and treatment be honest. Make informed decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient discipline and preference, documented scientific evidence and clinical judgment.To create and sustain therapeutic and honestly sound relationships with patients and with these goals and objectives are designed to provide advanced training in the assessment and cancer treatment. An objective of the CTCA is to increase the elaboration of institutions serving racial/ethnic and/or under shell outd communities with cancer health disparities in the nations cancer research and training enterprise. Also, to d evelop more effective research, outreach, and education programs that will have an impact on ethnic minority and theunderserved populations.Corporations good ValuesThe roles of the company are making real their patients come first, their main focus is non about fighting cancer, and its about making for certain their patients are comfortable end-to-end treatment. The cancer treatment statistics and results of CTCA demonstrate their constant efforts to make a deflection when it comes to quality of their patients. Each of their hospital provides state of the art treatment with a dedicated team which is oncologists, surgeons and other health experts. Their mission is to keep search for a cure and to continue to keep their patients in strong spirits, they do not give up until they have answers.CTCA is accredited by The vocalise Commission (formerly Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO) with Full Standards Compliance. This accreditation decision is awarded to a healthcare organization that demonstrates satisfactory compliance with applicable Joint Commission standards in all performance areas. The Cancer Center of America knows that cancer patients want their treatment to incorporate the needs of the whole personphysically, emotionally and spiritually. We know they set greatly a multidisciplinary care team that will be responsive to their personal needs throughout treatment.Organizations Culture and Ethical Decision-MakingThe Cancer Treatment Center of America organization swears thither is more than one way to beat cancer. There are so many people diagnosed with cancer and do not know which way to turn, confused, and angry. The cultural of the organizations is friendly, compassionate, and they treat each patient that comes into the shopping mall and gives them all the support that they need. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you timber welcome from the first day you arrive. approach t o the center, treated with respect and the moral decisions made by you they are behind you a hundred percent. The center is a place that never gives up on trying making a person feel better about their self. The Cancer Treatment Center of America has a vision, and that statement says To be recognized and trusted by people lively with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope (CancerCenters of America, 2013).Not only does the center treat one-on-ones that have cancer, but they also educate those who are not aware of what cancer is. It is a center for learning as well. No patient is turned stamp out when they come to the center. According to Cancer Treatment Center of America (2013), You and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit. We offer happen information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. We h onor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to parcel your journey of healing and hope (Our Promise).Organizations Ethical Values vs. Individuals Ethical ValuesIt is important that an organization such as Cancer of America ethical support an individuals ethical value because of several reasons. If an employees ethical value does not coincide with the organizations ethical value it can cause increased stress levels while performing their daily duties. In addition, conflicts can arise due to an individuals personal ethical values, which can cause stress and finally lead to work place anger and hostility. Furthermore, dissatisfied employees in regards to organizational value could inadvertently or purposely sabotage the company. For example, an organizations ethical value gives the patients family the authority to square off for the patient since the patient is on life support.The patients family member decides not to terminate the patients life support because the patients family depends on the patients social hostage funds. Your individual personal values do not agree with this because the patient is ventilator dependent, non-responsive to treatment, lacks neurological righteousness and is terminally ill. With this case your ethical values are being affected. Values are the principles that everyone uses to define what is right, good, and sound to them. Values provide guidance as it determines the proper thing to do versus what is incorrect. They are our standards, which is the reason wherefore the organizational value should match an individuals values.Social ResponsibilityThe founder of Cancer Centers of America or CTCA Cancer Treatment Center ofAmerica, Richard J. Stephenson, definitely felt he had a social office for all those in need of care. He felt as if in that respect was not enough compassion, care and nurturing, to those that were going through physical and emotional changes. Because his mother passed away due to cancer, he felt that it was involve to introduce an all-around care facility that provided surgery, chemotherapy, nutrition, mind-body medicine, and spiritual support (Cancer Center of America). Through their website, they host a community Questions and Answers online that is answered by doctors and clinical experts about questions that you have link up to cancer. They also have an 800 number that you can call with your questions related to your cancer, location information and their services.On their website there are cancer survivors stories that you can read/watch that go into full detail about their envision at the facilities. I believe that when you get by your vision of making something or someone better, your mission as how you will get there and making a promise to utilize all your resources to try, simply try, on making someone elses life a little bit better, that is responsibility in itself. CTCA offers mop up information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. They honor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to share your journey of healing and hope.The Mission of Cancer Treatment Centers of America is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. We never stop searching for and providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person improve quality of life and restore hope. The vision at the CTCA is to be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope. Lastly, they promise you and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit (Cancer Center of America).ConclusionThe Cancer Treatment Centers of America is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. Their goal is to serve cancer patients with the best care possible, the most advanced technology, the most recent studies, and the most nurturing staff. At CTCA they believe there is not one way to beat cancer there are hundreds. According to Garrett, Baillie, andMcGeehan (2010), the health care professional is obliged to protect patients from harm as much as is possible (Chapter 12). The teams of cancer experts include oncologists, surgeons and other clinicians who meet regularly to discuss the progress of each patients treatment.The ethical decisions that each member of the medical staff make are in the absolute best arouse of the cancer patients and their treatment. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you feel welcome from the first day you arrive. They offer clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, based on patients needs, as they are at the center of the hearts, minds, and every day actions of the dedicated staff (Cancer Treatment Center of America, 2013).ReferencesCancer Treatment Centers of America. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.cancercenter.com/about-us/Cancer Treatment Centers of Am erica. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.cancercenter.com/patient-experience/your-treatment/cancer-expertsGarrett, T.M., Baillie, H.W., & McGeehan, J.F. (2010). Health Care Ethics (5th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Knowledge and Organizational Learning Essay

The emerging importance of affectionate media was non unity that has taken the corporate cosmea by surprise. By empowering people with the sensibility that their voice matters and can mold a difference, kindly media technologies put one across altered forever how people communicate and the way companies conduct their business. The supremacy of Web 2. 0 lies primarily in the net income effects which gains a sense of community.With the implementation of effectual social media strategies, many global brands have won the understandts of their clients simply through staying connected and relevant. As such, this essay will explore how social media when managed strategically in an brass, can be workd to emend its ability to circumstances companionship across space and time, support innovation, economic aid problem settlement and march on social detonating device. Some case studies of shapings excelling through their social media political platform will be discussed an d evaluated.It must be graded however, that social media in all of its glory can act as a picture edged sword when it is not used appropriately. Improving knowledge communion Knowledge could be defined as actionable selective entropy that allows one to make a more(prenominal) informed decision and depart an effective input to conversations and innovation at placement levels (Jashapara, 2011). It enables one to act more effectively and aid in the ability to better predict future outcomes. A major challenge in organizations at once is fostering a knowledge sharing culture.Whereby explicit knowledge is somewhat easy to codify and stored, the sharing of silent knowledge remains rather equivocal. with communities of practice which connects people through sh bed reciprocal interest and expertise in a specific discipline, organisations are now able to foster the soma of knowledge sharing culture they aspire (Burk, 1999). These social and professional earningss create a virtu al platform for employees to share relevant experiences and best practices, as fountainheadhead as identify knowledge gaps in their tuition.As the bite-size information is now readily accessible, learning and knowledge sharing becomes more convenient and advantageously assimilated. Yammer, an enterprisingness social profitsing tool is used by over 200,000 companies and more than 80% of Fortune 500 companies for indispensable communications and knowledge sharing (Customer Success). Launched in 2008, it drew inspiration from Facebook and Twitter where it features social networking as well as mircroblogging with a secure and private network.Designed for company collaboration, file sharing and exchange of knowledge and information with other users within their organisation or pre-designated groups, Yammer has successfully removed geographical barriers and creates considerable knowledge sharing opportunities. It is imperative to note that there are two internal cultural forces th at impacts learning and effectiveness in organisations (Jashapara, 2011). In an organisation culture with strong forces of cooperation, it is an ideological organisation where employees are more inclined to share knowledge and expertise.Conversely, if the forces of competition are dominant, it may create silos mentality whereby there is involuntariness to share knowledge in order to gain a competitive advantage (Holst & Fields, 2010). Despite having the sundry(a) technologies in place for knowledge sharing, there must be interpersonal trust between employees in order to facilitate the exchange of knowledge (Lucas, 2005). Affect-based trust which is built on mutual care and business organization between employees is a predominant factor as to ones willingness to share tacit organisation knowledge.It is found that individuals who were friends were more inclined to share personal and tacit knowledge with one another (Epsein, 2000). The tacit knowledge transfer is characterized by in terpersonal affinity as well as long-standing working relationship which will motivate an individual to act in ways that make headway the other (Smedlund, 2008). Hence, with trust and a culture to share, the silo mentality of an organisation will be diminished and they will reap the benefits of knowledge sharing. backing innovationInnovation is the ongoing process of discovering new harvest-tides for the customers or improving work process and efficiencies (Jashapara, 2011). It is no longer a question whether an organisation should pursue innovation but rather, it is a prerequisite for achieving a competitive advantage and success in many industries today. Innovation spurs motivation and efficiency within an organisation and though effective innovation management, it can increase market share through existing markets and arrest new markets as well (Potecea & Cebuc, 2010).Customer experience will be enhanced with improved product quality and with wide range of choices made avail able to them. Innovation prevails in organisations with flexible and adaptive structure, a culture of trust and knowledge sharing and led by a committed management group who are motivated to promote organisation learning (Dasgupta & Gupta, 2009). Through the use of effective social media strategies, an organisation now has more platforms share ideas, gather eat upback and innovate on product offerings and customer experience.One outpouring example is Starbucks own version of a social network portal, My Starbucks Idea where it is an avenue for customer to share their own Starbucks related ideas (My Starbucks Idea). Inaugurated in 2008, it leverages on desire for dispute and interaction in social network by freehanded users the ability to share and vote for ideas and check on the outcomes of their suggestions. Through this platform, Starbucks is able to hear directly from their customers and act upon the ideas thereby cultivating and creating great consumer value and community. M y Starbucks Idea is complemented with Starbucks Blog, Ideas in Action which features contributions by sundry(a) Starbucks employees who shares on the implementation of the ideas given by users through the My Starbucks Idea site (Ideas In Action). Ultimately, through the use of social media, Starbucks is clearly prioritising their communication with customers and this creates an even greater sense of loyalty to know that their ideas are treasured and implemented.It gives customers the empowerment to be involved in part of the decision making process and the ability to spurt the future of Starbucks. Aid problem solving The emergence of problem-finding and problem-solving approach highlights the importance of identifying problems to solve, seizing opportunities and overcoming the challenges in organisations (Nickerson, Yen, & Mahoney, 2012). Through the multiple channels of social media, organisations can now connect with customers and hear first hand of their experiences and proce ss problems instantaneously.A good example of an organisation leveraging on social media to aid problem solving is shell Buy, the worlds largest consumer electronics retailer (About Best Buy). Through the years, they have provided customers with exceptional choice, unbiased advice and bank support for their technology needs. Galvanised by the influence and power of social media, Best Buy created a feed on Twitter called Twelpforce to provide solutions for customers (Dunn, 2010). Those who are having technical problems are able to post it on Twelpforce and a team of Best Buy associates or other Twitter users can post solutions or suggestions.By monitoring the feeds, Best Buys management are able to hear unbiased customers feedback on their products and assist them in real time. Twelpforce also presents the opportunity for new sales as individual choices are largely influenced and made on the recommendations and advocacy of others (Cunningham, 2012). Electronic word of mouth is espe cially powerful as the people in an individuals social network are usually deemed as a trustworthy source of information (Curran, OBrien, & OHara, 2011).Through Twitter and other social media platforms, Best Buy demonstrates their commitment to rejuvenate and refine their customer experience, and at the same time, drives value and innovation to create a more positive and connecting world. Building companionable Capital kind capital refers to the active connections and network of relationships between people the trust, mutual understanding and shared values which binds them together and facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit (Cohen & Prusak, 2002).It is the glue that promotes knowledge exchange and innovation hence, an essential strategy for organisations to gain competitive advantage in the markets which they operate. However, the makement of social capital does not relegate the importance of investing in human capital in organisations (Cummingham, 2002). Hupp i and Seemann (2001) phrased it appropriately that human capital resides in the people social capital resides in the relationships among them. victimisation social media, organisations can connect with each other more readily and establish a network of community and relationships without any geographical boundaries. This is exemplified by Accenture, a global consulting and technology services and outsourcing company with circa 259,000 employees (About Accenture). They have created a Knowledge Exchange that is integrated with thousands of communities of practice which enables geographically and spatially dispersed employees to share ideas and assemble more effectively.Residing on a Microsoft SharePoint platform, it features a wide social network with people profiles with biographies, photos and resumes as well as individuals interests and skill sets. The Exchange also contains blogs, wikis, market insights and e-learning where sharing ideas and knowledge is apparent and encouraged. Through The Exchange, company research revealed positively that there was a 42 percent increase in employees engagement and collaboration activities.Top collaborators are recognised with celebrating performance points and rewarded with badges that appear on their people profiles (Zielinski, 2012). Risks of Social Media With the many positive benefits of using social media in organisations, there are inherent risks involved when it is not managed effectively. One risk organisations face on social media platforms is the sharing of information. While it is a good mediocre for employees to share knowledge and ideas, it could be misused when hidden information and intellectual property are leaked.most employees are aware of the implications of responding unthinkingly to emails however, the same degree of care and forethought are not invariably applied to social media sites. Thus, there is a danger that an individual may divulge confidential information mindlessly without realising th at it is cast in stone and stored online indefinitely (Everett, 2010). While the decision to post videos, photos, thoughts and experiences on social networking site is entirely personal and private, a single act can spark a fire and create far reaching unimaginable consequences for an individual as well as organisations.A passing comment could end up being misinterpreted and a thoughtless prank filmed could easily go viral online affecting the reputation and profits of a company. An infamous example is the Dominos Pizza debacle in 2009 whereby two Dominos employees posted unappetizing videos on YouTube. The take in act of tampering with food damaged the companys reputation severely and cut into nationwide profits. The only saving grace in this debacle is the company CEO, Patrick Doyle who posted another video in response and gave a well-worded apology and took full responsibility.Apart from the risks involving employees improper use of social media, social media presents an opport unity for disgruntled customers and competitors to assail a companys reputation and start a habitual relations crisis. Instead of a traditional complaint email viewed only internally, unhappiness about a particular product or service standards can be viewed by potentially everyone in the world through social media. This is aggravated by the sharing functions on social media sites bid Facebook whereby one may share another persons unpleasant experience with their ocial contacts even though it may not have affected him. United Breaks Guitars, a YouTube video created by Dave Carroll in July 2009 is an example of how a customer can use social media to voice his unhappiness.In the cry he blamed United Airlines for severance the neck of his $3,500 guitar, caused by careless baggage handling and unreasonable policies. As the claim did not breathe within the standard 24-hour time frame, it was deemed ineligible. 50,000 views were generated just within 1 day and it grew to 8 million by March 2010. It currently has more than 12 million views with popular shows like The Checkout on first rudiment featuring it. Even though United Airlines did finally offered a $3,000 compensation for the damage made to his guitar, the damage do to the reputation and public relations of United Airlines is estimated to have cost them $180,000 within four days of the song been published. Another risk associated with social media is malware and account security.With most of the time spent on social networking sites, it makes their users paragon malware targets. Typical attacks take advantage on the trust relationships between users and their social contacts and try to trick users into giving up sensitive information which can be exploited for financial gain (Everett, 2010). By clicking on links sent by trusted friends, one might be susceptible to malware infection from drive-by downloads which steals information and might give attacker total access and control of the computer.This is especially disastrous for organisation whereby confidential information and trade secrets may be infringed. By not engaging in social media could be a risk in itself for organisations as nowadays most brands and companies are being discussed online. It is essential for an organisation to have a voice in these conversations, monitor and react timely to negative comments. With the risks involved, an organisation should develop a sound corporate policy on the usage of social media and educate employees of the role they play.The IT incision needs to regularly update it security protection and firewall to mitigate any malware attacks or unsecure networks. Conclusion Social media presents a wonderful opportunity for organisations to leverage and share knowledge with each other despite geographical boundaries. With effective management, it promotes social capital where trust relationships can be built and creates a platform of engagement and collaboration. Social media platforms enable or ganisations to listen to the voices of customers and innovate and act upon the ideas given.By doing so, they gain customers loyalty and trust which is primary(prenominal) to their success. Lastly, social media allows employees and customer to share their problems and receive suggestions and solutions by other users in real time. However, it is imperative to note that not all is good with social media as it can have disastrous impact on a company if it is not managed effectively. Social media does have a powerful amplifying effect. But just like any technology, it can be used for good or evil.