Common Sense essays

Sound judgment articles At the point when somebody says that brain research is a procedure of utilizing essentially presence of mind, this is implausible. Brain research is the study of conduct and mental procedures. (Myers,1998) Psychology is loaded up with many various speculations and has been utilizing studies to watch people groups conduct for quite a long time. A few pieces of brain science are presence of mind, yet everything in life has some piece of sound judgment in it. There are six significant points of view that the analysts use when attempting to make sense of what's going on with one of their patients. These alternate points of view spread pretty much every conceivable territory that can be secured. Analysts utilize these alternate points of view to attempt to decode what the people issues are and why they respond the manner in which they do. The main is a viewpoint called Neuroscience; this is the manner by which the body and cerebrum make feelings, recollections, and tangible encounters. The clinicians utilize this to point of view to attempt to make sense of how the messages that the cerebrum conveys are transmitted all through the body. (Myers. 1998) The analysts utilize another viewpoint to discover how development impacts conduct inclinations. This is known as the developmental point of view. Conduct hereditary qualities is another viewpoint that is utilized to perceive how much our qualities, and our condition, impact our individual contrasts. (Myers, 1998) These are for the most part natural viewpoints; the others have to do with the people condition. Condition has a great deal to do with the way that individuals respond and carry on in various circumstances. The therapists utilize the social viewpoint to discover how we learn recognizable reactions. (Myers, 1998) The subjective point of view is utilized to make sense of how we procedure, store, and recover data. (Myers, 1998) The remainder of the points of view is the conduct one. This is the point at which they attempt and make sense of the diverse condition of reasoning and conduct between various societies and circumstances. (Myers, 1998) The ... <! Sound judgment expositions Presently lets start back in the good 'ol days when the pilgrims had the option to hold quick to their legacy of rights in light of the fact that the King recently accepted that the states were not dependent upon parliamentary control. Further for, for quite a long time to come all the lords of England were excessively engrossed with their battle with England itself, who was battling and this wound up going in to the Puritan Revolution. Before Parliament could carry its regard for the assignment of trim them to a magnificent framework, the provinces had arranged a solid and productive method of their own. This would help lead them to freedom; the solid solidarity is consistently the best apparatus in battling for a shared objective. From the main year after they set foot upon the new landmass, the settlers worked by the English law and constitution, with administrative gatherings, a delegate arrangement of government, and acknowledgment of the regular laws that made them still on the most fundamental level Englishmen, however in actuality they were currently pilgrims. Be that as it may, enactment made them American in perspective and ever less consideration was paid to the English. Pioneer opportunity from the powerful English control was not, anyway accomplished without struggle. Presently all through time and when every year passes and every virus winter grain appears to be sufficiently warm, the pilgrims succeed with some misfortune, yet with out a lot of English assistance. Despite the fact that this inquiry could be responded in due order regarding either side I would initially express that, I believe that the Americans were extremely supported in their choice to battle for autonomy, due to this it has now made us the best nation in the whole world. Indeed, at the time it might not have appeared the right and best activity, yet as indicated by Thomas Payne The lord inhales retribution, and undermines us with pulverization; America must raise a domain of lasting span, upheld upon the terrific mainstays of truth, opportunity, and religion. This privilege here is the foundation of our nation. A... <! Presence of mind expositions Presence of mind composed by Thomas Paine contends for American Independence. His contentions start with his perspectives about government and religion. He likewise indicates the provincial circumstance. In the start of his contention Paine communicates his perspective on how government ought to be recognized from society. Government as indicated by him ought to be a foundation that secures life, freedom and property. Then again, a general public is everything valuable and great that individuals join to assemble to achieve. Paine at that point contends his contradiction on British reign in America. Paine can't help contradicting the British government framework. To comprehend the reason for government, Paine clarifies the straightforwardness of how a little percent of individuals put on an abandoned land can in the end oversee their selves. From here Paine proceeds onward to clarify the idea of government and inherited progression. He clarifies the unnatural procedure of being govern ed by a lord in light of the fact that as indicated by him, god made man with correspondence. From the outset, Paine clarifies that the world didnt have lords, yet the old Jews needed a ruler so god acknowledged it. Paine doesnt aside from the idea of having a lord and thinks of it as a wrongdoing. Concerning progression, Paine can't help contradicting government being gone through family. He clarifies majesty shouldnt be passed from a King to his youngster since he accepts that delivers wars and inept rulers. Subsequent to contending about the essential hypotheses of government and society, Paine further examines the subtleties of the American circumstance. Paine contends that America needn't bother with the standard of the British to thrive. He further contends that British just looked out for American to help its own financial status. Because of the way that British just assaulted American states as opposed to securing them, they don't merit American reliability. Because of the decrease in thriving in light of the British guideline over America, Paine proposes to defy away from their norm. Paine says th... <! Presence of mind papers Thomas Paines Common Sense was written in 1776 so as to convince the pilgrims to pick up autonomy from Great Britain. His enthusiastic flyer sold more than 100,000 duplicates all through the entirety of the settlements. The settlers around then were part in assessment of whether to isolate totally with Britain, or to pick up compromise with Britain. All through his exposition he gives proof to give him motivation to surrender trust on compromise with Britain. He likewise composes this flyer in a specific structure so as to convince the perusers conclusion. Thomas Paine presents proof that gives him a reason for losing any expectation of picking up compromise with Great Britain. As a matter of first importance, Paine advises his perusers that he used to need to be quiet with England, yet that after the Battles of Lexington and Concord he understood that the relationship and current conditions among America and Great Britain had devalued a lot for compromise. He additionally said that Britain would consistently continue forcing severe laws and duties, by demonstrating that England has done it to them previously and they won't stop. Paine implies that in the event that they make harmony now, there will be more difficulty later. This handout was one of the most significant bits of writing in early America since it was amazingly compelling to numerous individuals all through the entirety of the American provinces. In Common Sense, Paine persuades his crowd that it is good judgment for the pilgrims to break totally with Great Britain. He first uses the Bible to persuade individuals, considering essentially the entirety of the pilgrims were Christians. He contends that a government is horrendous, and to have a ruler isn't just a fruitless method to manage a country, however it is additionally a wrongdoing. He says that the God didn't need a lord for the individuals and that God is the main ruler. He additionally expresses that autonomy is a lot less complex than compromise, and that it will be increasingly worth battling for in ... <! Presence of mind papers Thomas Paine secretly distributed Common Sense as a contention for American Independence. He starts the leaflet with a general reflection on government and religion and rapidly pushes toward the pilgrim perspective. Paine communicates his view on society and government. Society is everything helpful and great that individuals consolidate to achieve. Government is a fundamental fiendishness that was built up to shield individuals from their own indecencies. As indicated by Paine if all individuals acted ethically, government would not be vital, yet since individuals are blemished, government is important to secure life and freedom. Paines primary reason recorded as a hard copy the flyer was to contend that the provinces should concentrate on looking for their full autonomy from Britain. His leaflet was to motivate the settlers to betray Britain and choose to participate fighting over their opportunity. Paine proceeds through the flyer hitting on the subjects of the certainty of American Independence, British persecution, Americas relationship with the remainder of Europe, and the issues with the government. One of Paines principle contentions is that America will in the end become autonomous of Britain. Despite how enthusiastically Britain attempts to clutch the settlements the weight and fumbled government will cause a huge detachment. Paine keeps on developing the thought so as to persuade the homesteaders that the break will definitely happen, expanding upon the case for a full disobedience. This is a reality that is difficult for the settlers to comprehend. According to the pioneers Britain is the universes biggest realm, making war unfathomable. To show the possibility that America isn't too little to even think about taking on the relentless British, Paine contends the issue of maritime force. Through his estimations he shows that America could equal the British naval force. Paine experiences all the subtleties and counts clarifying how they would subsidize their naval force. The... <!

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics Term Paper

Intelligent people and Revolutionary Politics - Term Paper Example Despite the fact that recounting to the half of the story, this depiction is maybe among the most extensive ones, revealing insight into such a conflicting character and scholarly way. Another part is told by Sorel’s own thoughts communicated in his compositions which to some degree uncover his distraction with subjects like joining and breaking down, wantonness, resurrection, and decay; just as his most profound estimations †the forceful and overpowering cynicism and his powerful urge of redemption. His thought of cynicism - as an idea of a development toward liberation, firmly associated with the information picked up as a matter of fact of the hindrances opposing the fulfillment of human’s creative mind and to the profound conviction of human beings’ characteristic shortcoming - maybe most capably uncovers the broadness and width of his wandering soul (Sorel, G. 192-226) Sorel views agony and enduring as instrumental in riveting people to life, and disdai ns the individuals who guarantee simple arrangements and quick improvement, accepting that the regular propensity toward disintegration and rot is an all inclusive law (Talmon, J. L. 453-454). Having grasped the hypothesis of Marx by the mid 1890s, George Sorel added some substance to the befuddled haze of his thoughts; the general heathen and culprit of the considerable number of sufferings of poor people has been found, exemplified by the disasters of private enterprise. Starting there on, the indispensable exchange unionism, as a conveyor of another ethical quality, turned into the enhanced ‘self-adequate realm of God’ (Talmon 456), whose predetermine is seen by Sorel ‘to enthrone another development on the remains of the rotting bourgeoisie. From here to hailing Mussolini as ‘a man no less unprecedented than Lenin’ (Talmon 451), Sorel has had a short approach. Sorel’s meandering between Marx, exchange unionism and one party rule is effectiv ely clarified, given his dismissal of the general thought of any direction, management or control, either from outside or from above; which is considered to have set him up to support Mussolini’s well known trademark: ‘Every framework is a blunder, each hypothesis is a prison’ (Talmon 467). This motto appears to completely coordinate Sorel’s ever looking for (however more often than not on mixed up or peculiar grounds) otherworldliness. 2. Both Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon long for upset †Sartre to see his nation, France, wrecked, Fanon to see previous French settlements freed. Which of the two appears to need to be annihilated alongside the foundation he stands up to? Why the one and not the other? The introduction to Fanon’s book, The Wretched of the Earth, composed by Jean-Paul Sartre, conveys a stunning message to the peruser, as it originates from a scholar whose attitude toward the then world real factors and his temperament (or stan ce) of a politically connected with scholarly show an accentuation on the humanist qualities and

The Great Depression of the 1930s

The Great Depression of the 1930s The Great Depression of the 1930s Home›Economics Posts›The Great Depression of the 1930s Economics PostsThere was increased unemployment between 1930 and at the start of the president Franklin Delano first term in the office in 1933 as a result of the great depression of the 1930s. Employers sacked individuals on the basis of their race, ethnicity and religious background. Even though the Native Americans also suffered, the Americas’ most visible ethnic, racial and religious minorities suffered greatly. Latino and African American did not only suffer from malnutrition but also from hunger that caused despair and diseases among them and this was compounded when nativism and racism became more profound. During the great depression the launching of the African American increased significantly.The main reason why people dislike and fear one another can be attributed to the great depression of the 1930. The cotton prices of the 1930s led to an increase in the ethnic, racial and rel igious divide. Neighborhoods that were influxes with ethnically diverse individuals turn to violence that ended up separating them racially and religiously. The economic condition of the time was simply related to hate crime as a result of the political leaders’ convinced the public specific groups on the basis of race, ethnicity and religion and they are blamed for the violence and Nazi regime against these groups.Furthermore, the depression led to women and other races to be placed at home and being forced out of jobs as a result of their race, ethnicity or religion so that people from certain religious, ethnic and racial background could take up their jobs. This also resulted into high rate of unemployment in American society. Additionally, the society became more conservative as there was less time and discrimination on the leisure activities on the basis of religion, ethnicity and race.

The Road Essay - 1519 Words

Prometheus, a Titan in ancient Greek mythology, stole the fire from Zeus, the ruler of all Gods, and gave it to humanity, even when Zeus strictly told him not to. As punishment, Prometheus is bound to a rock. Every day, an eagle swoops in to eat his liver, but Prometheus does not die. His liver regenerates only to be eaten again the following day. Because Prometheus â€Å"carried the fire† to humanity, his days are forever filled with torture. Similar to the situation that appears in the Cormac McCarthy’s novel, The Road, the main characters, a man and his son also â€Å"carry the fire† for the sake of mankind. â€Å"Carrying the fire†, a motif that Cormac McCarthy portrays throughout his novel, The Road, can be used to explain the reasoning behind why†¦show more content†¦[Man:] No. Even if we’re starving? We’re starving now. You said we weren’t I said we weren’t dying. I didn’t say we weren’t starving. But we wouldn’t. No. We wouldn’t. (128) Since the passage states that the man and son do not eat human beings â€Å"because [they’re] the good guys† (129), it can also be said that people that do eat other human beings are the bad guys; however, this cannot be said for stealing from or helping others. There are several times in the book where the father does not find the need help others when they need it, and even steal from others. During the scene where the father entered the house that was inhabited by prisoners, the father did not choose the help them. During the scene where the father caught the thief that stole the cart, the father took away all the thief’s clothes and left him on the streets naked. The father has committed these acts, yet he is still classified as a â€Å"good guy†. Why is this true? Although the father has committed similar acts that â€Å"bad guys† commit, he does feels guilty about them, which separate him from the bad guys, who do not feel guilty about the act s they commit. Feeling guilty about committing these acts also resemble the ones that â€Å"carry the fire†, and carry the good morals that they were raised up with, and ones that do not â€Å"carry the fire†, and live to serve only them and no one else. God is also an influential subject in The Road.Show MoreRelatedRoad In Road Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesNAVIGATING THE MISSIONAL ROAD IN FRANCE PEDESTRIAN CROSSING After an overnight flight and a six-hour time shift, our Calvary Church delegation received warm greetings at Lyon Saint-Exupery Airport in France, a 70-minute flight southeast of Paris and a 60-minute drive to our home-base city of Grenoble. Later that afternoon, our troop rode the commuter train to the heart of Grenoble on a historic city tour. Sometime afterward, Missionary Roy asked, â€Å"How many Muslims did you see in town?† â€Å"VeryRead More On the Road Essay848 Words   |  4 Pages On the Road On the Road, by Jack Kerouac was considered to be the first â€Å"beat† novel. The lifestyle of beats is explained as going against mainstream norms. The two main characters in the novel Dean and Sal both go against normal society. On the Road was written during a time when mainstream society was in to materialistic possessions. The average person was concerned with having a good paying job and raising a family in the suburbs. Beatniks had the complete opposite goals in lifeRead More The Road Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesCormac McCarthy’s novel The Road â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† refer to themselves as â€Å"the good guys† compared to â€Å"the bad guys†. While reading this book I was lead to believe that â€Å"the boy† is truly the only â€Å"good guy† left, because â€Å"the man† and every other character that I encountered in this book share some of the same qualities as â€Å"the bad guys†. The boy constantly begs his father to be sympathetic and charitable to the drifters that they encounter on the road, but the father usually refusesRead MoreRoad Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesto redesign the intersection of U.S. Route 62 and County Road 160. A public viewing of the land Monday evening was followed by a public hearing, at which Holmes County Engineer Chris Young acknowledged â€Å"change is always difficult.† Nevertheless, he said, it’s a job his office is tasked with managing, in the midst of commercial and residential growth throughout the county. â€Å"My office works very hard to try and minimize the effects of these road projects on our residents and communities. Frankly, itRead More On The Road Essay883 Words   |  4 Pageswhich would become ‘On the Road’ his most acclaimed novel. It is said to be an account of Kerouacs (quot;Sal Paradise’squot;) travels with Neal Cassady (quot;Dean Moriartyquot;). According to Allen Ginsberg, Kerouac typed the first draft of On the Road on a fifty-foot long roll of paper. On the Road gave an outlet of release for the dissatisfied young generation of the late forties and early fifties. And although it has been fifty years since the events in On the Road, the feelings, ideas andRead More Road Not Taken Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages Critical essay for â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, Because it was grassy and wanted wear: Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same. And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads to way, I doubtedRead MoreOn the Road Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pagesrebellious lifestyle sparked various different views; those that look up to them, and those that look down upon them. Jack Kerouac plays a major role in this time period pertaining to this lifestyle, authoring many works about it, one being On the Road. He uses the characters in this story to depict the diverse views on the Beatniks. This strong interpretation used throughout the novel sets the stage for many other authors writing on behalf of the Beat Generation. The characters he uses in this novelRead MoreEssay On Utah Roads1119 Words   |  5 Pages12% ,Distracted and Drunk Driving - 9%. For teenagers driving on Utah Highways being ,Ran Off Road - 30%,Speed Too Fast - 22%, Failed to Keep in Proper Lane - 15%, Overcorrected - 15%Failed to Yield, Driver Distraction, Wrong Side of the Road - 11%. What was provided in what I read did not surprise me because of the fact that teenagers are always on their phones a nd not paying attention to the road. For me the differences between the statistics for teen drivers compared to Utah drivers asRead More The Road Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe Road Named one of the four major novelists of his time, Cormac McCarthy has won numerous awards such as the National Book Award, National Book Critics Circle Award, and the 2009 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, which places him in the highest rank of American literature. His tenth and latest novel, The Road (2006), known as his most traumatic yet intensely personal work, has won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature Award in 2007, as well as the James Tait Black MemorialRead MoreEssay on Road Accidents1888 Words   |  8 PagesEssay on Road Accidents !! Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level-crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is another

Federalism Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1426 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Federalism Essay Did you like this example? Federalism is an important part of how the US, among other nations function today. Federalism has allowed for freedom and growth by giving people the right to choose how small governments function under a larger central government. Federalism has changed how governments run in many nations for the better by empowering citizens and allowing for a more fair way for people to live. The many benefits of Federalism include but are not limited to: mobility, choice, economic privacy, and allows for a less dictatorial government system by stepping away from the ideals of centralization or a centralized government. In the 1700’s most unions had unitary governments, governments in which one central government controlled all political authority. Federalism was brought about during this time to try and separate and step away from that widely accepted idea and the idea of centralism to have a more divided and fair government that met the needs of larger amount of people (Kersh and Monroe 83). The principal of federalism is dividing the constitutional provisions and powers giving power to all different kinds of governments divided across the country. Federalism simplified is one central government with multiple smaller governments and units like the states (Kersh and Monroe 84). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Federalism Project" essay for you Create order Competitive federalism is when governments compete with each other. This can include local, state and other regional governments. I believe that competitive federalism is a good thing for people because it gives people the freedom to choose how they want to live and what kind of governing they live under. Competitive federalism allows for many different types of governing and is beneficial to individuals because they have the option to leave a localized government if not fulfilled by the results of it. Government compete for individuals by doing what they think people are happier with. An example of competitive federalism is shown in the article when citizens of New York were unhappy with the amount of taxes they had to pay in the state, so citizens reacted by going to New Jersey and spending their money their because the taxes were lower. In turn, New York opted for no tax days in order to appease their citizens (Greve). This is a great example of how because of the competition bet ween two small governments, the laws were adjusted to meet the needs and wants of the people. Federalism empowers citizens by allowing the citizens choices to affect the way governments are run. Voting is an important part of federalism and voting in small governments allows for more diversity and more options for people to choose. Citizens are empowered when they are given a choice of how they want to live and what kinds of rules and constructs to live under. Empowerment comes from the ability to choose for yourself if one is happy under the government they live in and if not, have the option to exit and go somewhere where the individuals needs are met. When citizens have the power to act a certain way and influence their government because of it, it gives a sense of empowerment. This can only really be done when small divided governments are utilized. Federalism replicates private economic principals in various ways. Federalism replicated the idea of property rights by allowing citizens to own private property. Federalism replicates free mobility by allowing competition between companies and firms on a large scale This benefits citizens because it helps with keeping prices for consumers fair. Federalism also supports the allocations of public spending because it is up to state governments instead of one large centralized government deciding how money should be spent throughout an entire union. Giving this power to smaller governments allows for public spending to be allocated to more specific needs of an area. Mobility and choice are fundamentals of federalism allowing for the citizen to have the choice of how they live and allows for â€Å"exit† from unfavorable governments and situations. Mobility allows citizen the option to leave an area of government if they’re unsatisfied with it. The example about New York and New Jersey that is provided in the article can also be applied to the concept of mobility and choice because the people in New York were able to mobilize travel to New Jersey, a different state government with lower taxes, to do their shopping because the taxes in New York were too high. The taxes were lower in New Jersey due to it having a separate state government from New York (Greve). Mobility gives individuals the freedom to move around if need be. Choice is petty self explanatory. Citizens living among a federalism style government are giving a choice to choose where they want to be based on which government and laws they want to live under. This is because federalism allows for many small governments to exist among each other but work separately. Centralization is defined as the control of activity or group of people under a single authority. Great Britain lives under a centralized government and the US has tried to sway as far away from this style of government as possible in hopes to give individuals more freedom to choose how they may be governed (Greve). Centralization has little room for addressing the needs of all individuals because there are many different groups of individuals who exist in different areas and require different needs. There is no way to please everyone or even the majority under a centralized form of government. To do so there must be many different governments controlling smaller groups of people whose needs relate to each other. This is done by allowing many small governments to co-exist with each other. Federalism is the idea that supports this type of government. Federalism is quite opposite of centralization or a total centralized government. Federalism addresses that centralization is not in fav or of the citizens because it does not allow the individual to choose between what laws they’re living under. Federalism came about to give freedom to choose to the individual. State governments allow for better ability to suit localized conditions. There are many benefits of Federalism. Federalism it is a form of government that allows the individual to have more control over their lives rather than being dictated by one centralized government, a person has the ability to choose from multiple governments being held together by one strong centralized government. Citizens are able to participate more in factors and decisions that will affect individual lives whereas centralization cannot include a variety of citizens’ opinions or outlooks. Having localized governments increases citizen participation and allows for more individualized needs to be met. With the implementation of federalism, specific needs of a smaller more localized group of individuals are able to be taken into consideration when making important government decisions. Opposite of this, a centralized government cannot account for more individualized needs. The major disadvantage that can come from federalism is the ability for states to have major inequaliti es and for there to be too much competition. Too much competition can lead to less attention to the needs of the lower class and result in the needs of a large majority not being met (Kersh and Monroe 87). I believe that the real meaning of Federalism and how it is supposed to work has sort of been lost today. This makes people turn against the idea of federalism because it is not being used to the best of its ability. Federalism will probably make a resurgence because of the way competitive federalism benefits the individual needs of citizens. Competitive federalism allows for more economic freedom which should be in favor of American citizens. Citizens also play a larger role in control of their governments when federalism is enacted and I believe that is another reason it may have its revival. There is no form of government that fits every single person’s specific needs but the goal of federalism and how the government works under it, is the form of government that fits the most amount of people’s needs and therefore one of the best ways a government should be run. is one of, if not the best way to run a union. The reasons for this are its benefits from competitive governments and that having multiple localized governments is the best system in order to individualize and meet the needs of the largest number of people. Federalism broke away from the largely accepted â€Å"centralized government† to provide a system that allows citizens to have more freedom play a greater role in the government decisions that affect their daily lives.

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ( Cam ) - 1694 Words

Alternative Medicine In a country run by pharmaceuticals, many people ignore all the other options available to them. Imagine a world where narcotics are no longer â€Å"the answer† to pain relief. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been around for centuries, relieving fatigue, stress, and pain naturally. Alternative medicine is any practice that is advanced as having the mending impacts of prescription, yet does not start from proof accumulated utilizing the exploratory strategy, is not some portion of biomedicine, or is repudiated by investigative confirmation or set up science. It comprises of an extensive variety of medicinal services practices, items and treatments, going from being organically conceivable yet not all†¦show more content†¦Complementary medicine is elective drug utilized together with traditional medicinal treatment, in a conviction not affirmed utilizing the exploratory technique that it supplements (enhances the adequacy of) the treatment. CAM is the c ondensing for integral and option medication. Integrative solution (or integrative well being) is the blend of the practices and strategies for option drug with customary prescription. Elective therapeutic findings and medications are excluded as science-based medicines that are taught in restorative schools, and are not utilized as a part of medicinal practice where medicines depend on what is set up utilizing the exploratory strategy. Elective treatments need such logical approval, and their viability is either problematic or discredited. Elective prescription is normally taking into account religion, custom, superstition, confidence in heavenly energies, pseudoscience, mistakes in thinking, promulgation, or misrepresentation. Regulation and authorizing of option solution and medicinal services suppliers changes from nation to nation, and state to state. Established researchers has reprimanded elective prescription as being founded on deluding articulations, deception, pseudoscien ce, antiscience, misrepresentation, or poor investigative technique. Advancing option solution has been called

Christians and the Islamic Medication

Question: Describe about Christians and the Islamic medication? Answer: Introduction: The study of the Christians and the Islamic medication reveals the differences that existed in the ancient era and still exist. Various differences between the Christian and Islamic way of healing and medication are discussed throughout the study. However, there is some familiarity in both of their medication. The spiritual healing of both the religions is studied here. The Christian way of Healing and Medication: Before Christianity has taken birth on this world, there were other centres of healing and medication like the Buddhist medicines and the Greek medicines. The Greek temple helped the patients and gave them shelter and simple medicines. It was the Graeco-Roman era when Christianity has came out with some modern techniques of healing and medication. The practice of the modern medicine started at that time (Christian Medical Fellowship - cmf.org.uk, 2015). The Christian society was moved by intrinsic values, which made the Christians believe that they can only be cured if the God wills. The period also saw the development of new medicines because Christianity was spreading all around the Europe. The mix of other cultures and the basis of the Bible had given birth to many new way of medication (Net-burst.net, 2015) and healing. Christianity had also believe in some scientific medication. This medication also had logical reasons. They were not totally blinded by the medication of the Chur ch. Ancient Christianity medicines and healthcare: Satanic possessions were the reasons of ill health and bad condition of the patients as per the belief of the Christians. This could only be cured by miraculous treatment. This had got nothing do with science and logic. The Roman and Greek schools of treatment were prevailing in the society. Sympathy was included in their treatment (Shuttleworth Shuttleworth, 2015). They believed that compassion with the patients helps him to recover soon. They emphasized more on psychological treatment than physical treatment. The belief was that a person suffering from illness can recover soon if he gets care from family and close ones (Shuttleworth Shuttleworth, 2015). Islamic way of Healing and Medication: In the century of 8th to 15th A.D, there were many developments in the field of Islamic medicine. Central to Islamic medicine practitioners taught the common people to take care of the sick and ill health people. This was called as the Medicine of the Prophet. Muslims believe that Allah had sent a cure of for all the sufferings and pain. It was believed that people should take care of their mind, body and spirits. The importance of doing good and being righteous is the prevention of all the sufferings. The bad deeds of any individual were considered the reason for his/her suffering (Saad Said, 2011). The Islamic physicians and the discoveries that they made: Various Islamic physicians have made many discoveries in the field of medicines. These medicines have also become for further researches and the Muslims believed that they became basis for the development of many western medicines. One such Islamic physician is Al-Razi. Al-Razi is known as the father of medicine. He lived in the era of 850-923 B.C. it is believed that he had written 200 books on medicines and has a great contribution in the field of medicine. The familiar factors of healing and medication in both the communities: Although the patterns of treating the ill were suggested differently in both the communities but the treatment was same. Both the communities have their beliefs on Spiritual healing. Both the communities believe that there is nothing that cannot be cured by God. God has all the remedies for the various diseases (Net-burst.net, 2015). The reasons for all such diseases were the bad deeds of the people. They suffered only because of bad deeds. If there existed any, which did not had, any cure was because their deeds were so bad that the spirits did not want this people to get well. The belief in both the religion was same. However, in Islamic community they believe their way of treatment is far better from that of the Christians and that their methods of medication existed centuries before than the Christians. Conclusion: The conclusion can be stated that both Islam and Christianity both believed in Spiritual healing and comprehended that compassion is what acts much before than the medicines on physical body. Spiritual healing included treatment through praying to God for the patient. Praying would certainly take away his bad deeds, which were the reason for his bad health and sickness. Treatment in those centuries was far from the modern techniques of these days. The basis remains the same; people should take care of their mind, body and spirit, which clearly means, Prevention is better than cure. References Christian Medical Fellowship - cmf.org.uk,. (2015).The Christian Contribution to Medicine. Retrieved 13 March 2015, from https://www.cmf.org.uk/publications/content.asp?context=articleid=827 Islamicmedicine.org,. (2015).Islamic Medicine on Line . Retrieved 13 March 2015, from https://www.islamicmedicine.org/ Net-burst.net,. (2015).The use of medicine and doctors: A Christian perspective. Retrieved 13 March 2015, from https://www.net-burst.net/dove/doctors.htm Saad, B., Said, O. (2011).Greco-Arab and Islamic herbal medicine. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Shuttleworth, M., Shuttleworth, M. (2015).Islamic Medicine - History of Medicine.Explorable.com. Retrieved 13 March 2015, from https://explorable.com/islamic-medicine Shuttleworth, M., Shuttleworth, M. (2015).Islamic Medicine - History of Medicine.Explorable.com. Retrieved 13 March 2015, from https://explorable.com/islamic-medicine

Family Related Issues Essays - Leave, Business Law,

1) Explain if it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. According to the FMLA standards they do not state whether a parent who was physically or financially there for their biological child can take advantage of the program. Although the FMLA has many restrictions, being able to care for an absent parent is not one of them. The Act specifically states that employees qualify for the program when either they or a family member suffer from a ?serious health condition? ("The family and," 2011; Halbert, The employee must have worked for the company for more than 12 months. They also must have worked at least 1, 250 hours during the previous year ("The family and," 2011). It also states that the condition must either prevent the worker from performing his or her job, or require the worker to care for the sickly family member ("The family and," 2011 ). In the case of caring for a parent that was absent from their child?s life is more of a moral issue. A child is not obligated to take care of a parent; it is totally up to that person as to wh ether they would want to deal with that matter. After all the man was still Tony?s father, and even though he was never in his life for whatever reason. Tony still feels as though it is his duty to be there for his father in his time of need. With Tony he wanted to do the right thing for his father, even though he never had a relationship with him. Tony seen taking care of his father as the perfect opportunity to create a bond between the both of them and it may have been his last chance to really get to know him. There are three different kinds of FMLA leave that Tony would qualify for to care for his father. First, there is the Continuous FMLA leave when an employee is absent for more than three consecutive business days and has been treated by a doctor ("The family and," 2011). Second, there is the Intermittent FMLA leave which is when an employee is taking time off in separate blocks due to a serious health condition that qualifies for FMLA. This leave can be in hourly, daily, or weekly increments ("The family and," 2011 ). Last, there is the Reduced schedule FMLA leave, which is when an employee needs to reduce the amount of hours they work per day or per week, often to care for a family member or to reduce stress. If Tony did decide to care for his father then he would have no problems being covered under the program. 2) Explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether Tony is eligible for family leave under the FMLA. A businesses size has a tremendous effect on a person?s eligibility for the FMLA program. Even though Rally Motors is a small company Tony should still be eligible to take leave under FMLA. The Act states that in a company Employees are eligible to take FMLA leave if they have worked for their employer for at least 12 months, and have worked for at least 1,250 hours over the previous 12 months, and work at a location where at least 50 employees are employed by the employer within 75 miles ("The family and," 2011; Halbert, This rule is better known as the ?50/75? rule. Now if the company had less than 50 employees, then they would not be required to implement the FMLA because the company may not be able to function with a small amount of personnel ("The family and," 2011; Halbert, In one part of the video Tony?s tells Mr. Herman that he has at least fifty employees if he counted everyone that was currently working for the company. Mr. Herman?s gripe was that the company was very smal l, and everyone in the company was a crucial asset to the business. As long Rally

The Meaning of Vive la France!

The Meaning of 'Vive la France!' Vive la France! is an expression used in France to show patriotism. It’s difficult to translate the term literally into English, but it generally means â€Å"long live France!† or â€Å"hurray for France!† The phrase has its roots in  Bastille Day, a  French national holiday commemorating the storming of the Bastille, which took place on July 14, 1789, and marked the beginning of the French Revolution. Patriotic Phrase â€Å"Vive la France!† is mostly used by politicians, but you will also hear this patriotic expression bandied about during national celebrations, such as Bastille Day, around French elections, during sporting events, and, sadly, at times of crisis as a way to invoke patriotic feelings. La Bastille was a prison and a symbol of the monarchy in late 18th century France. By capturing the historic structure, the citizenry signaled  that it now held the power to rule the country. Bastille Day was declared a French national holiday on July 6, 1880, on politician Benjamin Raspails recommendation, when the  Third Republic  was firmly entrenched. The Third Republic was a period in France that lasted from 1870 to 1940. Bastille Day has such a strong signification for the French because the holiday symbolizes the birth of the republic. The related phrase Vive le 14 juillet! (literally â€Å"Long live the 14th of July!†) has been associated with the historic event for centuries. The key term in the phrase is vive,  an interjection that literally means long live. The Grammar Behind Vive la France French grammar can be tricky. The term vive  is no exception. Vive  comes from the irregular verb â€Å"vivre,† which means to live. Vive is the subjunctive. So, an example sentence might  be: Nous souhaitons, nous espà ©rons que la France vive longtemps, heureusement. This translates to: We hope that France will live for a long time, fortunately. Note, that the verb is vive and not viva, as in Viva Las Vegas, and it is pronounced veev, where the final e is silent. Other Uses for Vive The expression vive is very common in French to show enthusiasm for many different things, such as: Vive les vacances!   Hurray for the vacation! Vive les soldes! Hurray for the sales season! Vive moi! Yeah me! Vive  is also used in a number of other contexts that are not related to the famous phrase but still important in the French language. Examples include: On ne voyait à ¢me qui vive. There wasnt a living soul to be seen. Etre sur le qui-vive. To be on the alert. La vive- eau Spring tide Vivement Brusquely, sharply While the saying Vive la France is deeply rooted in French culture, history, and politics, the full slogan is generally invoked only on historical occasions and during political events. By contrast, the key term in the phrase, vive, is widely used by the French to express joy and happiness on many occasions. So, the next time youre in France (or find yourself among French-speakers who happen to use this famous phrase), impress them with your deep knowledge of French history. Source The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bastille Day. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

The Field Trip in Miami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Field Trip in Miami - Essay Example On the first day of our trip, we visited the Fruit and Spice Park. This is a very large tropical botanical garden located in Miami. The 37-acre park is a public facility under the full ownership and management of the Miami Dade County Park and Recreation Open Space. Indeed, a visit to this park was worthwhile because it had lots of benefits to us. Apart from experiencing the pleasant tropical climate at the garden, we got an ample opportunity to see a lot of plants that we had never seen before. These consisted of different varieties of spices, fruits, nuts, vegetables, herbs and a wide range of plant specimens. It was so interesting to visit the park because it has a large pool of plant species to enjoy viewing. Thus, by being active tourists, we had to see and learn much about the numerous species of bamboo, bananas, and mango that are showcased at the park. After enjoying the beauty of the Fruit and Spice Park, we spent the rest of the time sampling and having a taste of the variety of foods and drinks offered at the garden. Here, we ate a well-prepared meal of banana salsa that was served alongside chips, pumpkins, star food, guava, avocados, and jackfruits. This was a very sweet food that not only satisfied us but left us yearning for more. What pleased me most is that the food was prepared using the ingredients from the park thus becoming purely natural. Meanwhile, I was particularly amazed by the Miranda fruit that I tasted at the end of our trip. After hearing about it for so long, I just could not believe that the exotic berry could actually make me taste a sour food as sweet one for up to two hours after its consumption. After leaving the Fruit and Spice Park, we proceeded to Oolite Restaurant and Bar, Lincoln Road, Miami. Here, we had a chance to eat and drink a lot of foods and drinks as well as enjoying the beauty of this great facility.

Personal Identity and the Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal Identity and the Self - Essay Example In addition, the condition has been diagnosed to a significant number of patients found in psychiatric hospitals. MPD, also known as dissociative identity disorder, has many implications as to what it is to be a person at a particular time as well as over a period of time. This essay will seek to discuss these implications, with special reference to â€Å"Kim Noble: The Woman with 100 Personalities† by Amanda Mitchison. Causes dissociative identity disorder One of the key aspects of MPD is that medical professionals have not identified a specific cause of this condition. According to Psychological Theory, MPD can be traced to the trauma that was experienced during the childhood. For example, in the case of Kim Nobles, a woman with 100 personalities, the victim (Kim) experienced the unhappy marriage of her parents consequently being under the care of local acquaintances and friends. This indicates that she did not enjoy the parental love that is vital for the physical and psych ological growth of every child. In addition, Kim experienced extreme and repeated abuse (Amanda 2). As a result of this experience, she was largely traumatized and her personality was fragmented into separate identities. Just like other mental disorder, the possibility of the occurrence of MPD is high if the family has the history of the disorder. However, if a family member experiences the condition it does not imply that all other generation will suffer from MPD. According to Roxanne 28, depersonalization is also a major cause of Mental Identity Disorder. This is a condition that makes a person to have no control over a situation. Key aspects that victims experience include the view of the world as less real and lack of importance for living. Individuals who undergo severe trauma or prolonged stress have high chance of experiencing a chronic depersonalization. Additionally, individuals suffering from MPD feel like more than one person. This is based on the large number of personal ities that control them. For example, in the case of Kim, when there is a switch of personality and Patricia emerges, she does not remember what was happening in her absence. In the same way, when Patricia is asked about her sex life, she strongly declines of having any relationship but in the real sense Kim had a baby girl in 1997 (Amanda 3). Symptoms of dissociative identity disorder As mentioned earlier, a person suffering from MPD can experience large number of personalities that may range from two to hundreds. It is essential to note that half of the reported cases of MPD indicate that most of the victims possessed 10 or fewer personalities. The personalities that affect the self of a person can take their own postures. For example, they can be depicted through the change of gestures, change on the mode of talking and hairstyles as well as mode of dressing. The process through which an individual personality reveals itself and takes control of the person’s behavior is re ferred to as switching. Being triggered by the events surrounding the patients, switching can make the victim to change his or her behaviors in seconds. However, Leslie 36 argues that the changes can take hours or days. The section below discusses major symptoms that make us identify MPD among the people we are living with. One major symptom is the lapse of memory. For example, a

Balanced Score Card (BSC) Advantages and Disadvantages

Balanced Score Card (BSC) Advantages and Disadvantages Abstract The study reports an evidence of the efficiency and usefulness of the Balanced Score Card (BSC) as a management control and communication strategy. This paper firstly examines the available literature on management control and communication which has identified elements of strategic control and effective communication. Secondly, this study presents a model of control and communication significant to the Balanced Score Card. Thirdly, the study further investigates archival and practical interviews data to represent the utilization and also evaluates the effectiveness of control and communication of the Balanced Score Card. The study incorporates data collected from the various departments of a large, international manufacturing company. Data is collected from Indian administrators, managers and the Balanced Score Card designers whose divisions are the purpose of Balanced Score Card. The study congregates evidences in respect to the challenges encountered by many and as in this case even by a large, well financed multinational corporation associated with the implementation and designing the Balanced Score Card. These results may be broadly suitable to other companies planning to adopt or adopting the Balanced Score Card as a management and strategic control tool. The data points out that this particular Balanced Score Card, as applied and designed, is definitely an effective tool for managing corporate strategy. Obtained results also illustrate stress and divergence amongst the top and the middle level management concerning the suitability of certain aspects of the Balanced Score Card as an evaluation, communication and control mechanism. Certain aspects include conformation of laid-back relations amongst successful management control, positive effects, motivation and strategic alignment of the Balanced Score Card. These positive effects include the changes in development and implementation of both the customer focused services and the Balanced Score Card. In contrary, unsuccessful management control and communication originate conflicts and acts as a source of poor motivation in respect of the use of Balanced Score Card as an assessment device. Data Availability: All the data gathered for this research is regulated and supplied under a strict non-disclosure agreement, which necessitates the researcher to safeguard the company’s proprietary information and identity. Introduction The available academic and professional strategy literature asserts that numerous multi-nationals have discovered time-honoured performance measures (e.g., profits, return on investment, and ex post costs) to be inadequate strategies for judgmental action in today’s speedily changing, super-competitive environment. Solitary dependence on present, financial performance measures does not perhaps mirror the significance of present resource verdicts for upcoming financial performance (e.g., Dearden, 1969). However, several years ago, some organisations identified the significance of non-financial performance measures (e.g., General Electric during 1950’s), budding global competition and the mounting up of the TQM movement has broadened the appeal for non-financial measures of performance. Authors have piled up, both the academic and professional literature with suggestions to believe more on non-financial performance measures for both evaluating and managing organisations since the 1980’s (Berliner and Brimson 1988; Dixon et al. 1990; Johnson and Kaplan 1987; Nanni et al. 1988; Rappaport 1999). Along with the normative arguments, empirical research studies can also help in establishing the effectiveness and roles of non-financial measures of performance. Numerous studies have attempted to relate some specific non-financial performance measures to the financial performance (Ittner and Larcker 1998a; Behn and Riley 1999; Foster and Gupta 1999; Banker et al. 2000).1 Results of numerous human resources literature illustrates that, it’s the systems of non-financial performance measures that seems to be comparatively more reliable determinant of firm’s performance than the individual measures themselves. (Huselid 1995; Huselid et al. 1997; Becker and Huselid 1998). The purpose of this research is to study the impact and process of administering an organisation using the non-financial measures of 1 The ever rising body of research study which has examined empirical associations amongst the financial and the non-financial performance measures in a variety of industries and firms also includes Foster and Gupta (1990, 1999), Banker et al. (1993), Barth and McNichols (1994), Banker et al. (1995), Amir and Lev (1996), Banker et al.(1996), Ittner and Larcker (1997, 1998a), Perera et al. (1997), Behn and Riley (1999), Banker et al. (2000), Ghosh and Lusch (2000), Hughes (2000). These research studies repeatedly found significant associations the financial and non-financial measures of performance, although research studies of the effects of performance of including the non-financial measures in the compensation plans are comparatively less steady and consistent. Given the growing empirical and extensive theoretical support, it is not at-all astonishing that several companies report that they are switching to non-financial, forward-looking information for both evaluating present performance as well as for guiding decisions (Ittner and Larcker, 1998b). Performance, particularly in the context of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), a comprehensive structure of performance measurement system. The Balanced Score Card, popularized by Kaplan and Norton (1992, 1993, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c) and also accepted extensively across the globe, has been presented as a better and superior blend of financial and the non-financial measures of performance. 2 Balanced Score Card is projected to direct strategy growth, execution and communication because it clearly focuses on the financial as well as the non-financial measures of performance. Moreover, a well designed Balanced Score Card could also provide some unfailing feedback for performance evaluation and management control. Atkinson et al. (1997) regarded Balanced Score Card as one of the most momentous developments in the field of management accounting, justifiably attaining a strong research attention. Silk (1998) assessed that approximately 60 percent of the U.S. Fortune 500 companies are experimenting or have by now implemented a Balanced Score Card. Despite its elevated profile, astonishingly very little academic research has actually focused on either the outcomes or the claims of the Balanced Score Card (Ittner and Larcker 1998b). An expected question that arise is: does the Balanced Score Card’s use, content, implementation or format have recognizable effects on either the outcomes or the business decisions that could not be achieved with existing ways, in combination or alone? In the very first study of its category, Lipe and Salterio(2000) identified effects in decision making connected with the format of the Balanced Score Card. The layout of the performance measures in four associated groups appears to communicate decision-related information to subjects presenting a laboratory assessment task. Most of the other previous and current studies, however, are comparatively uncritical explanations of Balanced Score Card adoptions. Kaplan and Norton (1996b) debates that the Balanced Score Card is not principally an evaluation process, but it is a communication and strategic planning device to (1) explain links amongst leading and lagging measures of non-financial and financial performance and (2) offer some strategic assistance to the divisional managers. The Balanced Score Card asserts to describe the necessary steps for reaching financial success; for example, investment in some particular types of knowledge to improve the processes. If these links are valid replications of a company’s economic opportunities and productive and administrative 2 An identical approach for merging the numerous performance measures, the tableau de bord, has been implemented by certain French organisations for numerous years (Epstein and Manzoni 1997). processes, then the Balanced Score Card symbolizes and can also communicate the company’s working strategy. Moreover, communicating these links effectively throughout the company can be decisive to implementing that strategy fruitfully (Tucker et al. 1996; West and Meyer 1997). Some organisations may possibly also use non-financial measures as a basis of performance measurement. On the other hand, they might judicially use the financial performance measures for the purpose of evaluation or they can also enhance the performance by using the Balanced Score Card as a vade mecum to financial success (e.g., Rappaport 1999). The present research is aimed at investigating the management-control and communication attributes and the efficacy of a successful, large, multi-national company’s Balanced Score Card model. The research comprises of qualitative and archival data gathered through interviews with the managers, Balanced Score Card designers, and users to (1) measure the observed attributes of the Balanced Score Card as both a control and strategic communication device and (2) find confirmation of the Balanced Score Card’s evaluation impacts. The present research does not test as to if the company’s Balanced Score Card is a statistically suitable model of the company’s performance and activities. This attribute of the Balanced Score Card shall be tested in succeeding research (Malina 2001). The company commenced using the Balanced Score Card to enhance its strategy. The Balanced Score Card has largely affected the view point and the action of users, both adversely and beneficially. When all segments of the Balanced Score Card are effectively communicated and well designed (as per the criteria mentioned in the study), the Balanced Score Card appears to persuade and inspire the lower-level managers to correspond their activities to the company’s strategy. Additionally, as per managers beliefs these changes result in enhanced sub-unit performance. In spite of this, there is also a consistent confirmation that the weaknesses in strategic communication and the flaws and imperfections of the Balanced Score Card design have affected the relationships amongst some middle and top level managers adversely. The stress survives because the Balanced Score Card design aggravated strong differences amongst their views of upcoming future opportunities. Gaps and weaknesses in communication generate unwillingness and mistrust to change. While certain specific shortcomings and flaws could be exceptionally unique to the company studied, these results appear to reflect largely on the issues of the Balanced Score Card uses and its design. The second section of this research study builds up a research question on the basis of reviewing the literature on communication standing by the features of effectual communication of strategy. The third section then builds up another research question with a synopsis of the attributes of management control tools that successfully control strategy. The fourth section later illustrates the company’s Balanced Score Card and the research site. Then the fifth section discusses about the practices used to analyze and obtain the qualitative and archival interview data. This part also displays a theoretical model for describing the effectiveness of the Balanced Score Card. The following sixth section then derives an empirical model for the effectiveness of the Balanced Score Card and also addresses the raised research questions. Lastly, the final section of this study encapsulates the conclusions and also offers certain suggestion for future research. Literature Review The Balanced Score Card and Communication of the Strategy Kaplan and Norton (1996 c) states that, â€Å"by articulating the outcomes the organization desires as well as the drivers of those outcomes (by using the Balanced Score Card), senior executive can channel the energies, the abilities, and the specific knowledge held by people throughout the organisation towards achieving the business’s long-term goals.† Therefore, Kaplan and Norton (1996 c) claims that not merely just the Balanced Score Card exemplifies or helps to create organizational knowledge and strategy, however even the Balanced Score Card itself effectively communicates knowledge and strategy. Merchant (1989) contends that failure in communication is one of the main reasons for poor organizational performance. Because neither the organization’s strategy nor its knowledge succeeds or exists apart from its chief human actors, the capability to communicate effectively may itself be a basis of competitive benefit (Amit and Shoemaker 1990; Grant 1991; Schulze 1992; Daft and Lewin 1993; Tucker et al. 1996). If the Balanced Score Card does articulate the organizations strategy and knowledge in a better manner, then it could act as a foundation of competitive advantage, at-least until all other competitors implement it equally well. However, the organisational communiquà © literature recognizes an intricate set of features that influence the effectiveness or quality of communication in the organisations. Based upon a review of the present literature, an organisations communication system or device could be characterized with the elements of its (1) exchange and creation of knowledge, (2) support of the organisational culture, and (3) messages and processes. These communication characteristics have been briefly reviewed below: Exchange and Creation of Knowledge Knowledge, which could be a tactic or an objective, is the foundation of strategy implementation and formulation.3 Thus, an effectual system of communication holds up an organisations strategy by fostering both tactic and objective knowledge. An effective system 3 Objective knowledge is expressible and observable in the normal language – outcomes and production processes, for instance. However, unspoken language is understood and known but it is not easy to convey in language – an individual’s insights or experiences, for instance. This subsection draws greatly from Tucker et al. (1996). of communication exchanges the objectives (observable) of knowledge amongst the most important individuals so that everyone is aware of the organisations present status. Organisations construct objective knowledge from the integration and development of the new knowledge by individual experts. Objective knowledge generally derives itself from the sharing and refining of the individuals tactic knowledge, which is recognized but not yet usable or articulated by the organisation. Thus, a system of effective communication enables and encourages the individuals to share their experiences and also gathers those shared experiences. This may best possibly be accomplished by frequent and intense sharing, and might also be by dialogue rather than a one-dimensional reporting. Perhaps significantly for the effectiveness of the Balanced Score Card, de Haas and Kleingeld (1999) further debates that participating in the design of the performance measurement system is an essential element of an effective communication of strategy. Support of Values, Beliefs and Culture As per the traditional sight of an effective organisational communication, it supports individual interests and the organisational culture by focusing on certain desired patterns of beliefs, shared values, and behaviour. Effectual communication exhibits that the organisation accomplishes its promises and that group or individual rewards are predicted based upon their actions (Goodman 1998; Tucker et al. 1996). Communiquà © by leaders which steadily articulates shared values, beliefs and goals (Goodman 1998; Tucker et al. 1996) is also efficient in directing behaviour and reinforcing culture. Moreover, effectual communication ought to encourage behaviour coherent with organisational values, beliefs and goals (Goodman 1998). Kaplan and Norton (2000), the proponents of the Balanced Score Card, debates that it can also be a tool of strategic and cultural change. Coherent with Kotter’s (1995) study of change processes, the Balanced Score Card could facilitate change by effectively communicating and creating a convincing realistic vision of and also a method for attaining change. Communication Messages and Processes Individuals make use of and rely on communication only if its messages and processes are observed as trustworthy and understandable. Other features of effectual organisational communication procedures are reliability, predictability, completeness, and routineness (Tucker et al. 1996; Goodman 1998; Barker and Camarata 1998). Besides this, communication is also more successful if it applies well defined terms and concise messages (Goodman 1998). Moreover, effectual communications system prevents misrepresentation of performance or repression of truth. There should be no equivocation concerning the differences between â€Å"looking good† and truthfulness or coherence with winning. An effective system of communication and its operators will be indignant of â€Å"spin, deniability, and truth by assertion† (Goodman 1998). As a result, organisational communication shall be effectual if the messages and processes are a valid and convincing representation of the performance. In a nutshell, effectual organisational communication strategies should hold the recognizable attributes of: Knowledge sharing – including participation and dialogue Support and assistance of organisational culture – changing or existing Valid messages trustworthy, understandable and reliable The organisational communication literature foresees that a Balanced Score Card, which comprises of these above mentioned attributes, shall create positive organisational outcomes, positive motivation, and strategic alignment. The foremost research area shall be: Question 1: Is the Balanced Score Card an (in) effective device for communication, creating (negative) positive organisational outcomes, (in) effective motivation, and (non) alignment? The Balanced Score Card and The Management Control of The Strategy general condemnation of managing the organisations on the basis of financial performance measures is that these measures persuade the managers to make short-run, myopic decisions. The financial measures incline to emphasise on the present impacts of the decisions, lacking an obvious link between long run strategy and the short run actions (current criticisms include Luft and Shields [1999], McKenizie and Schilling [1998]). Moreover, the traditional financial performance measures could work in opposition to the knowledge based strategies by considering the enrichment of resources like human capital, which might be crucial to implementing a strategy, such as current expenses (e.g., Johnson 1992). Dixon et al (1990) debates that the time-honoured financial measures, by dispensing costs of many developments, as well work opposing to the strategies based on reduction of manufacturing time, flexibility and quality. For numerous lower level employees, most of the financial measures of performance are excessively comprehensive and also very far isolated from their actions to offer helpful feedback or guidance on their decisions. They may need certain measures that relate more accurately and directly to the outcomes that they can persuade. (McKenize and Schilling 1998). A numerous studies have found proof that the financial, traditional performance measures are utmost helpful in conditions of low complexity and relative uncertainty; and not in the conditions faced by many trans-national organisations today (e.g., Abernethy and Brownwell 1997; Govindarajan and Gupta 1985; Govindarajan 1984; Gordon and Naranyan 1984). Lynch and Cross (1995) debates that all set performance measures should motivate the behaviour contributing to constant improvement and development in certain vital areas of competition, such as productivity, flexibility, and customer satisfaction. Therefore, they should replicate a cause and effect amongst strategic outcomes and operational behaviour (Keegan et al. 1989; Ittner and Larcker 1998a).4 Moreover, as and how an organisation recognizes new strategic goals, it shall also comprehend a requirement for new measures of performance to persuade and supervise its new actions (Dixon et al. 1990). 4 Contemplation of the time lags might be really important for illustrating these cause and effect relationships (e.g., Norreklit 2000, Banker et al. 2000). Hence, organisations optimally and perhaps sensibly might implement a varied set of measures of performance to demonstrate the diversity of management efforts and decisions (e.g., Ittner and Larcker 1998b; Feltham and Xie 1994; Banker and Datar 1989; Homstrom 1979). The empirical evidences in support of these propositions is narrow and limited but growing.5 The Case of Management Control For The Balanced Score Card Kaplan and Norton (1996 b) had organized various measures of performance into the Balanced Score Card, which is itself a admissible expression in most of the Western business management models.6 Indeed, the Balanced Score Card might have diffused extensively throughout the globe on the power of its internal logic and intuition. Kaplan and Norton (1996b) asserts that the Balanced Score Card offers two noteworthy improvements over the traditional non financial or even the financial performance measures. Firstly, the Balanced Score Card discovers four associated fields of activity that might be crucial to almost all organisations and also to all levels inside the organisation: Increasing financial success Providing Customer value Improving the effectiveness of internal processes Investing in growth and learning capabilities Following the rationale of the Balanced Score Card and disregarding the cost benefit considerations, almost every organisation can implement measures in all the four areas to persuade and supervise actions suitable to organisational strategy. An appropriately constructed Balanced Score Card in its utmost basic use, can offer a complete picture of the status of an organisation, similar to a vehicle’s dashboard showing temperature, oil pressure, fuel levels, speed, engine RPM and coolant. 5 For instance, Banker et al. Offers empirical support with the help of widespread time series data in a service firm for the relations amongst lagging financial performance and principal non-financial measures. Moreover, they employ an event-learning method to locate beneficial performance results from incorporating these non-financial measures in the management performance assessments. 6 The advocates of EVA ® or economic value added, also assert improvements over the traditional financial performance measures, but that is also a synopsis of the financial measure, even though the one that rectifies for the claimed financial reporting faults and errors. EVA ® do not integrate the non-financial, complementary performance measures. Therefore, the Balanced Score Card could encourage positive and constructive organisational outcomes like improvements and developments in all the four areas of organisational activity, which comprises of administrative activities and the Balanced Score Card itself. Evaluating this first level of usefulness and effectiveness is the major objective of this study. Moreover, the Balanced Score Card also seeks to connect these measures into one model so as to accurately replicate the cause and effect relationship amongst the individual measures and the categories. Employing the automobile correspondence, the Balanced Score Card encourages a change in the car’s performance (e.g., speed) specified a designed increase in the engine RPM and fuel consumption (and maybe other factors). A model like this may back-up operational decisions, provide trustworthy feedback for performance evaluation and learning, and make forecasts of results given environmental conditions and the decisions.7 The Role of The Balanced Score Card for Performance Measurement and Strategy Implementation The proponents of the Balanced Score Card emphasise its alliance of the critical measures with the links and the strategy of the measures to the valued outcomes. Additionally, the literature on management control recognizes other features of the control systems that might be crucial for the successful operation and implementation of the strategy and shall apply to the Balanced Score Card.8 To be efficient and effective, Balanced Score Card measures ought to be verifiable, objective, and accurate. 7 Whereas the primary claim for value of the various performance measures would create few debates beyond the considerations of benefit and costs, the secondary claim is a rigorous and bold hypothesis. A potentially testable and literal explanation of the balanced score card is that, it explains lagging, leading, or contemporaneous relations amongst the performance measures. For instance, improvements in growth and learning like reduced time of cycle (e.g., Luft and Shields 1999). Similarly, progress in the in-house processes will predictably result in an enhanced customer value (e.g., market share and satisfaction). Lastly, progress in the customer value shall lead to some predictable increment in the financial success (e.g., profits). Generating such a coherent and comprehensive model is an inspirational objective which is similar to imitating the business model of the company itself. Achieving such an experiential result shall not establish any causality amongst the balanced score card elements because (1) factors absent from this model might be correlated alongwith both effects and causes, (2) the causes of earnings might not be generalizable further beyond the context of a particular firm (Norreklit 2000), and (3) few of the proposed measures might not be self-governing and independent. 8 Unless otherwise mentioned, this particular section draws from the summaries in Merchant (1989, Chapter 2) and Simon (2000, Chapter 11). If not, the measures shall be manipulated and will not be able to replicate the performance, or even the managers could in good belief attain good quality measured performance but in-turn cause harm to the organisation. Even if the managers can attain high measured performance by fraud, cheating or any other method, then the system shall lose its required motivational effect and credibility rapidly. Moreover, the combination of Balanced Score Card measures should entirely illustrate the organisations crucial performance variables; instead it should be restricted in number so as to maintain the measurement system administratively and cognitively simple. A comprehensive set of measures of performance shall accurately replicate the difficulty of the organisations tasks and responsibilities, but a lot of measures might be costly, confusing, and distracting to administer. Nevertheless, Lipe and Salterio (2000) failed to find confirmation of any information overload from the various measures used in their experimental study of the Balanced Score Card. Optimistic motivational impact persuades managers to put forth effort for achieving the organisational goals. While enlightening but not manageable the performance measures might be essential, optimistic motivation demands that in some way or the other few of the Balanced Score Card measures should replicate manager’s conduct and actions. For instance, relative performance assessment (e.g., across alike business units), which is capable of identifying â€Å"influenceable† however, not absolutely controllable results, can be an essential constituent of the Balanced Score Card (e.g., Antle and Demski 1988), but it shall not be adequate by itself. Widespread goal setting researchers validate that the performance should be correlated to demanding but achievable targets (e.g., Locke and Laltham 1990). Without such unequivocal Balanced Score Card targets, the performance would likely be comparatively lower than what could be realistically achieved. Finally to fabricate the goal commitments, the Balanced Score Card shall be linked to well understood and prompt penalties and rewards. Rewards which are ambiguous, uncertain, or delayed shall be unsuccessful motivational devices. Consequently, even if an organisation’s Balanced Score Card replicates its crucial performance variables and the links to valued and appreciated outcomes, it might be unproductive and disastrous as a successful management control tool if it lacks the other attributes. For instance, Ittner et al (2000) asserts that bias in a bank’s Balanced Score Card escorted it to both the bank’s deterioration to its interim financial measures of performance and little advantageous impact. To recapitulate, an effective and successful management control device, which is competent to promote required organisational results, shall have the subsequent, apparent management control elements to, firstly, achieve strategic alignment: A complete but economical combination of the measures of crucial performance variables, correlated with strategy; Crucial performance measures just casually correlated to valued organisational results; and Successful and effective – accurate, purpose, and confirmable – measures of performance, which seems to be associated to effectual communication. Secondly, to further encourage positive motivation, an efficient management control tool should have the attributes of: Measures of performance reflecting the managers influenceable actions or/and controllable actions, e.g., measured by relative or/and absolute performance; Appropriate standards or performance targets that are demanding but attainable; and Performance measures which are associated to meaningful and significant rewards. The Management control theory forecasts that, if the Balanced Score Card contains these attributes, then it becomes probable that the Balanced Score Card shall encourage positive outcomes and motivation and strategic alignment as well. Consequently, the secondary research area/question which complements the first is: Question 2: Is the Balanced Score Card an (in) effective device for management control, creating (negative) positive organisational outcomes, (in) effective motivation, and (non) alignment? Subsequent explanation unfolds the information of a model which replicates the two stated research questions. This model, supported and based on the review of all literature, demonstrates that the Balanced Score Card’s communication characteristics and management control generate results by creating motivation (or not) and strategic alignment. This research also explains about the labour and efforts put in for collecting the data on an applied Balanced Score Card’s organisational communication attributes and management control, along with the facts confirming the Balanced Score Card’s effects on organisational outcomes, motivation, and  strategic alignment. It is audacious to judge the efficiency and the efficacy of the Balanced Score Card against the facts from a non experimental, single Balanced Score Card implementation. Though, a careful and detailed assessment of a crucial case could be generalizable to the theory and instructive (i.e., analytical generalisation, Yin [1994, 10-32]), which in this particular case is that the Balanced Score Card could be an effective management control and strategy communication device. The Characteristics of Balanced Score Card and The Research Site Synopsis of The Research Site The research site is an Indian Economic Times 500 company having over 15000

We Are Not the Greeks :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Shelley once said, "We are all Greeks," a sentiment which was echoed by many of his contemporaries who shared his belief that theirs was an age of achievement comparable to the Greeks.[1] Even beyond that era, people today hold a widespread belief that, although we aren't quite Greek ourselves, we are quite capable of understanding them, and that we have an innate familiarity with the Greek tradition. Our claim of an affinity to Greek literature can be found almost anywhere in modern society; the intelligentsia sprinkle allusions to all things Greek in books and films; the reference to Homer is considered the calling card of academic legitimacy. We are the consumers of a dominant culture that is rife with references to Greek literature. Consumerism does not lead to understanding, however. Anyone could justifiably make the argument that people experience the same struggles and emotions no matter what years bookend their lives and regardless of what gadgets or people fill up the space between them. However, to say that an emotion finds expression equally well on a Greek face or an American face leads to a false sense of our affinity to the Greeks. The point is not whether we share the same range of human experience, but whether we are capable of understanding the same means of expression. Just as much as we accept that Greek is a language foreign to us, we must accept that cultural differences exist that make most of those familiar names and quotes merely accessible parts of a culture that is largely inaccessible to the masses today. The average American is separated from the Greek epic. Although the lowest man is as capable of tragic struggle and feeling as any Greek hero, he is not capable of comprehending the scale and scope of the epic in his own life. We have no way of grasping the gargantuan undertaking of an epic. The epic poem is nonexistent in modern literature, and the number who read epic poems is decreasing rapidly as well. We may read excerpts or quotes about famous works, and from those remarks be able to afford remarks of our own, but this is a form of Cliffs Notes to cultural fluency. The fact that these facile and passing acquaintances serve as the bulk of our culture's understanding reveals the imperfect nature of what we assume we know. We feel qualified to claim a connection with the Greeks, through no proper understanding of our own, but rather through an opinion about an interpretation of a translation.

Globalisation and Religion Essay

Secularisation theory has argued that modernisation has undermined religion. The importance of science and technology on economic development and rational worldview on which they depend on are seen as destroying the belief in supernatural. However religion can contribute to development, but most recently sociologists have examined what role religion may play in development in today’s globalising world. This can be seen in India. Globalisation has brought rapid economic growth and has seen India become a more important player in the world political stage. It has brought prosperity to some, notably the Indian middle class. Nanda shows that 85% of India is Hindu and this is where globalisation has taken place. Globalisation has created a huge and prosperous, scientifically educated middle class working in IT, pharmaceuticals, etc. These are who secularisation theorists say will be the first to abandon religion. However Nanda sees a vast majority of this class continue to believe in the supernatural. A study of developing societies in 2007 shows that Indians are more religious and only 5% claim their religion has declined in the past five years. It also found that urban areas are more religious that rural areas. Nanda goes as far to say that it is becoming fashionable to be seen as religious. She examines what motivates this. Nanda rejects poverty and existential insecurity as a reason for their belief because they are not poor. She also rejects the idea that their religiosity is a defence mechanism to modernisation and westernisation. She argues that their religiosity is to do with their ambivalence to their new found wealth. This has helped to see the relationship between globalisation and religion, as Nanda points out that globalisation has increased the religiosity in India. She also examines the role of Hinduism in legitimating a triumphalist version of Indian nationalism. From a survey it found that 93% of Indians believe they have a superior culture to others. Nanda notes that the Indians’ success in the global market have attributed to Hindu values. These are constantly promoted by media and politicians. Ultra nationalism, worshiping Hindu gods and India itself has become a civil religion. In recent years the East Asia tiger economies such as Korea and Singapore are now becoming industrialised. Also China has become a major global power. Sociologists argue that this success is because of religion acting similar to Calvinism. Redding sees their post Confucian values as encouraging, similar to the protestant work ethic. Similarly Berger argues that Pentecostalism in Latin America acts as a functional equivalent to Weber’s protestant ethic. He says that they embrace the work ethic and lifestyle of Calvinists aspect of life which in result its members continue to prosper. However Berger underlines Weber’s point that religious ideas alone are not enough to produce economic development. He says that natural resources are also needed. For example while Protestantism has grown in northern Brazil, the religion lacks resources and remains backwards. By contrast, the south, which is developing rapidly, has both a work ethic derived from Pentecostalism and the necessary resources. Christianity has also become globalised. Lehmann says that it has done this by accompanying globalisations, imposed my indigenous population and in the past 100 years it has spread because of its popular following. The symbols and imagery from local cultures attributes to their success. They attack cults and perform exorcism, and accept and validate beliefs. This has contributed to the relationship between globalisation and religion as it shows that religion has helped countries to develop and using the idea of protestant ethic in Latin America gives a valid explanation as to why they have grown. A further link between globalisation and religion is explained through fundamentalism. Fundamentalism has a response to globalisation and related trends. Giddens’ describes fundamentalists as traditionalists. He sees that this is a relatively new term and sees its growth, as a production of and reaction to globalisation. He claims that it has undermined traditional norms and values. They say that religion offers certainty to a now uncertain world due to the choice which people have. A contrasting view to this however is Beckford. He criticises fundamentalists for ignoring other important developments, including how globalisations also affects non fundamentalist religions such as Catholicism. Giddens’ groups all types of fundamentalism together, ignoring any differences between them. Jeff Haynes argues that we should not focus narrowly on the idea that Islamic fundamentalism is a reaction against globalisation. For example in the Middle East, conflicts caused by the failure of local elites to deliver on their promises to improve the standard of living are often the fuel that drives fundamentalism. This evidence argues that globalisation has undermined traditional religious beliefs. Religion has also created a cultural defence whereby religion serves to unite communities against external threat. In this situation religion has a special significance for its followers because it symbolises the group or societies collective identity. There are two examples of this from the late 20th century and those are Poland and Iran. It has created war and terror such as the war in Iraq. Therefore the effect of globalisation on religion is a ‘clash of civilisations.’ Huntingtons’ view is that religious defences are creating a new set of hostile ‘us and them’ situation as there is an increase in competition against cavitations for economic and military power. An example of this is the 9/11. Although there are some critics such as Jackson who believe it is a western ideology that stereotypes nations. Also Armstrong argues hostility towards the west does not stem from fundamentalist Islam but to western foreign policy in the Middle East. This shows that’s due to globalisation is has increased religiosity but has created friction between countries. This has had a negative effect in the world. Overall globalisation has brought rapid economic growth and has seen India become a more important player on the world political stage. It has also increased Indians religiosity which is shown in Nandas’ argument which she also says this relationship is because of the optimism about the opportunities globalisations will bring and the result of the ambivalence to their new found wealth. But also like Huntington says, both religion and globalisation has created a ‘clash of civilisations’ and created both war and terror. In conclusion this relationship between globalisations in religion is good as it has helped countries such as India in the economy and has increased their religiosity. However it could also be argued that it has created friction between religions and in result has had a negative impact on the world.

Adolf Hitler As A Leader Of Nazi Germany - 1640 Words

Adolf Hitler is known throughout the world as being the leader of Nazi Germany in the early twentieth century, and ultimately the instigator for World War II. His actions have faced much scrutiny since the conflict was resolved, but the genius behind this war effort is seeded in the politics of his egregious nature. Early Life and Upbringing Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, at Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. Alois,his father, had risen from a poor peasant background to become an Austrian customs official and was able to provide his son with a secondary school education. Adolf, a bright and talented student at his village school, felt out of place in the much larger urban secondary school. He gave himself up to aimless reading, dreamed about becoming an artist, and developed a talent for evading responsibilities. Poor school marks prevented him from obtaining a diploma and after the death of his father, he left his home in Linz, Upper Austria, in 1907 to seek his fortune in Vienna. Hitler s professed aim in Vienna was to study art, especially architecture, but he twice failed, in 1907 and 1908, to get admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts. These failures destroyed what little order he had established in his life. He withdrew completely from family and friends and wandered aimlessly through the city, observing its life. Though he continued to read voraciously, he derived most of his knowledge from secondhand sources, coffeehouse talk, newspapers,and pamphlets. He encounteredShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of The Nazi Germany1398 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Germany party from 1934 to 1945. During his time of leadership, he initiated fascist policies that ultimately led to World War II. What he is most infamous for the horrendous acts he committed against the Jewish people in Germany as well as other groups of people, such as gypsies, the handicapped, homosexuals, and many others. 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